1 | ========== |
2 | LibTooling |
3 | ========== |
4 | |
5 | LibTooling is a library to support writing standalone tools based on Clang. |
6 | This document will provide a basic walkthrough of how to write a tool using |
7 | LibTooling. |
8 | |
9 | For the information on how to setup Clang Tooling for LLVM see |
10 | :doc:`HowToSetupToolingForLLVM` |
11 | |
12 | Introduction |
13 | ------------ |
14 | |
15 | Tools built with LibTooling, like Clang Plugins, run ``FrontendActions`` over |
16 | code. |
17 | |
18 | .. See FIXME for a tutorial on how to write FrontendActions. |
19 | |
20 | In this tutorial, we'll demonstrate the different ways of running Clang's |
21 | ``SyntaxOnlyAction``, which runs a quick syntax check, over a bunch of code. |
22 | |
23 | Parsing a code snippet in memory |
24 | -------------------------------- |
25 | |
26 | If you ever wanted to run a ``FrontendAction`` over some sample code, for |
27 | example to unit test parts of the Clang AST, ``runToolOnCode`` is what you |
28 | looked for. Let me give you an example: |
29 | |
30 | .. code-block:: c++ |
31 | |
32 | #include "clang/Tooling/Tooling.h" |
33 | |
34 | TEST(runToolOnCode, CanSyntaxCheckCode) { |
35 | // runToolOnCode returns whether the action was correctly run over the |
36 | // given code. |
37 | EXPECT_TRUE(runToolOnCode(new clang::SyntaxOnlyAction, "class X {};")); |
38 | } |
39 | |
40 | Writing a standalone tool |
41 | ------------------------- |
42 | |
43 | Once you unit tested your ``FrontendAction`` to the point where it cannot |
44 | possibly break, it's time to create a standalone tool. For a standalone tool |
45 | to run clang, it first needs to figure out what command line arguments to use |
46 | for a specified file. To that end we create a ``CompilationDatabase``. There |
47 | are different ways to create a compilation database, and we need to support all |
48 | of them depending on command-line options. There's the ``CommonOptionsParser`` |
49 | class that takes the responsibility to parse command-line parameters related to |
50 | compilation databases and inputs, so that all tools share the implementation. |
51 | |
52 | Parsing common tools options |
53 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
54 | |
55 | ``CompilationDatabase`` can be read from a build directory or the command line. |
56 | Using ``CommonOptionsParser`` allows for explicit specification of a compile |
57 | command line, specification of build path using the ``-p`` command-line option, |
58 | and automatic location of the compilation database using source files paths. |
59 | |
60 | .. code-block:: c++ |
61 | |
62 | #include "clang/Tooling/CommonOptionsParser.h" |
63 | #include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h" |
64 | |
65 | using namespace clang::tooling; |
66 | |
67 | // Apply a custom category to all command-line options so that they are the |
68 | // only ones displayed. |
69 | static llvm::cl::OptionCategory MyToolCategory("my-tool options"); |
70 | |
71 | int main(int argc, const char **argv) { |
72 | // CommonOptionsParser constructor will parse arguments and create a |
73 | // CompilationDatabase. In case of error it will terminate the program. |
74 | CommonOptionsParser OptionsParser(argc, argv, MyToolCategory); |
75 | |
76 | // Use OptionsParser.getCompilations() and OptionsParser.getSourcePathList() |
77 | // to retrieve CompilationDatabase and the list of input file paths. |
78 | } |
79 | |
80 | Creating and running a ClangTool |
81 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
82 | |
83 | Once we have a ``CompilationDatabase``, we can create a ``ClangTool`` and run |
84 | our ``FrontendAction`` over some code. For example, to run the |
85 | ``SyntaxOnlyAction`` over the files "a.cc" and "b.cc" one would write: |
86 | |
87 | .. code-block:: c++ |
88 | |
89 | // A clang tool can run over a number of sources in the same process... |
90 | std::vector<std::string> Sources; |
91 | Sources.push_back("a.cc"); |
92 | Sources.push_back("b.cc"); |
93 | |
94 | // We hand the CompilationDatabase we created and the sources to run over into |
95 | // the tool constructor. |
96 | ClangTool Tool(OptionsParser.getCompilations(), Sources); |
97 | |
98 | // The ClangTool needs a new FrontendAction for each translation unit we run |
99 | // on. Thus, it takes a FrontendActionFactory as parameter. To create a |
100 | // FrontendActionFactory from a given FrontendAction type, we call |
101 | // newFrontendActionFactory<clang::SyntaxOnlyAction>(). |
102 | int result = Tool.run(newFrontendActionFactory<clang::SyntaxOnlyAction>().get()); |
103 | |
104 | Putting it together --- the first tool |
105 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
106 | |
107 | Now we combine the two previous steps into our first real tool. A more advanced |
108 | version of this example tool is also checked into the clang tree at |
109 | ``tools/clang-check/ClangCheck.cpp``. |
110 | |
111 | .. code-block:: c++ |
112 | |
113 | // Declares clang::SyntaxOnlyAction. |
114 | #include "clang/Frontend/FrontendActions.h" |
115 | #include "clang/Tooling/CommonOptionsParser.h" |
116 | #include "clang/Tooling/Tooling.h" |
117 | // Declares llvm::cl::extrahelp. |
118 | #include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h" |
119 | |
120 | using namespace clang::tooling; |
121 | using namespace llvm; |
122 | |
123 | // Apply a custom category to all command-line options so that they are the |
124 | // only ones displayed. |
125 | static cl::OptionCategory MyToolCategory("my-tool options"); |
126 | |
127 | // CommonOptionsParser declares HelpMessage with a description of the common |
128 | // command-line options related to the compilation database and input files. |
129 | // It's nice to have this help message in all tools. |
130 | static cl::extrahelp CommonHelp(CommonOptionsParser::HelpMessage); |
131 | |
132 | // A help message for this specific tool can be added afterwards. |
133 | static cl::extrahelp MoreHelp("\nMore help text...\n"); |
134 | |
135 | int main(int argc, const char **argv) { |
136 | CommonOptionsParser OptionsParser(argc, argv, MyToolCategory); |
137 | ClangTool Tool(OptionsParser.getCompilations(), |
138 | OptionsParser.getSourcePathList()); |
139 | return Tool.run(newFrontendActionFactory<clang::SyntaxOnlyAction>().get()); |
140 | } |
141 | |
142 | Running the tool on some code |
143 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
144 | |
145 | When you check out and build clang, clang-check is already built and available |
146 | to you in bin/clang-check inside your build directory. |
147 | |
148 | You can run clang-check on a file in the llvm repository by specifying all the |
149 | needed parameters after a "``--``" separator: |
150 | |
151 | .. code-block:: bash |
152 | |
153 | $ cd /path/to/source/llvm |
154 | $ export BD=/path/to/build/llvm |
155 | $ $BD/bin/clang-check tools/clang/tools/clang-check/ClangCheck.cpp -- \ |
156 | clang++ -D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS -D__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS \ |
157 | -Itools/clang/include -I$BD/include -Iinclude \ |
158 | -Itools/clang/lib/Headers -c |
159 | |
160 | As an alternative, you can also configure cmake to output a compile command |
161 | database into its build directory: |
162 | |
163 | .. code-block:: bash |
164 | |
165 | # Alternatively to calling cmake, use ccmake, toggle to advanced mode and |
166 | # set the parameter CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS from the UI. |
167 | $ cmake -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON . |
168 | |
169 | This creates a file called ``compile_commands.json`` in the build directory. |
170 | Now you can run :program:`clang-check` over files in the project by specifying |
171 | the build path as first argument and some source files as further positional |
172 | arguments: |
173 | |
174 | .. code-block:: bash |
175 | |
176 | $ cd /path/to/source/llvm |
177 | $ export BD=/path/to/build/llvm |
178 | $ $BD/bin/clang-check -p $BD tools/clang/tools/clang-check/ClangCheck.cpp |
179 | |
180 | |
181 | .. _libtooling_builtin_includes: |
182 | |
183 | Builtin includes |
184 | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |
185 | |
186 | Clang tools need their builtin headers and search for them the same way Clang |
187 | does. Thus, the default location to look for builtin headers is in a path |
188 | ``$(dirname /path/to/tool)/../lib/clang/3.3/include`` relative to the tool |
189 | binary. This works out-of-the-box for tools running from llvm's toplevel |
190 | binary directory after building clang-resource-headers, or if the tool is |
191 | running from the binary directory of a clang install next to the clang binary. |
192 | |
193 | Tips: if your tool fails to find ``stddef.h`` or similar headers, call the tool |
194 | with ``-v`` and look at the search paths it looks through. |
195 | |
196 | Linking |
197 | ^^^^^^^ |
198 | |
199 | For a list of libraries to link, look at one of the tools' CMake files (for |
200 | example `clang-check/CMakeList.txt |
201 | <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/master/clang/tools/clang-check/CMakeLists.txt>`_). |
202 | |