| 1 | //===--- TargetCXXABI.h - C++ ABI Target Configuration ----------*- C++ -*-===// |
|---|---|
| 2 | // |
| 3 | // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions. |
| 4 | // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information. |
| 5 | // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception |
| 6 | // |
| 7 | //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// |
| 8 | /// |
| 9 | /// \file |
| 10 | /// Defines the TargetCXXABI class, which abstracts details of the |
| 11 | /// C++ ABI that we're targeting. |
| 12 | /// |
| 13 | //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// |
| 14 | |
| 15 | #ifndef LLVM_CLANG_BASIC_TARGETCXXABI_H |
| 16 | #define LLVM_CLANG_BASIC_TARGETCXXABI_H |
| 17 | |
| 18 | #include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h" |
| 19 | |
| 20 | namespace clang { |
| 21 | |
| 22 | /// The basic abstraction for the target C++ ABI. |
| 23 | class TargetCXXABI { |
| 24 | public: |
| 25 | /// The basic C++ ABI kind. |
| 26 | enum Kind { |
| 27 | /// The generic Itanium ABI is the standard ABI of most open-source |
| 28 | /// and Unix-like platforms. It is the primary ABI targeted by |
| 29 | /// many compilers, including Clang and GCC. |
| 30 | /// |
| 31 | /// It is documented here: |
| 32 | /// http://www.codesourcery.com/public/cxx-abi/ |
| 33 | GenericItanium, |
| 34 | |
| 35 | /// The generic ARM ABI is a modified version of the Itanium ABI |
| 36 | /// proposed by ARM for use on ARM-based platforms. |
| 37 | /// |
| 38 | /// These changes include: |
| 39 | /// - the representation of member function pointers is adjusted |
| 40 | /// to not conflict with the 'thumb' bit of ARM function pointers; |
| 41 | /// - constructors and destructors return 'this'; |
| 42 | /// - guard variables are smaller; |
| 43 | /// - inline functions are never key functions; |
| 44 | /// - array cookies have a slightly different layout; |
| 45 | /// - additional convenience functions are specified; |
| 46 | /// - and more! |
| 47 | /// |
| 48 | /// It is documented here: |
| 49 | /// http://infocenter.arm.com |
| 50 | /// /help/topic/com.arm.doc.ihi0041c/IHI0041C_cppabi.pdf |
| 51 | GenericARM, |
| 52 | |
| 53 | /// The iOS ABI is a partial implementation of the ARM ABI. |
| 54 | /// Several of the features of the ARM ABI were not fully implemented |
| 55 | /// in the compilers that iOS was launched with. |
| 56 | /// |
| 57 | /// Essentially, the iOS ABI includes the ARM changes to: |
| 58 | /// - member function pointers, |
| 59 | /// - guard variables, |
| 60 | /// - array cookies, and |
| 61 | /// - constructor/destructor signatures. |
| 62 | iOS, |
| 63 | |
| 64 | /// The iOS 64-bit ABI is follows ARM's published 64-bit ABI more |
| 65 | /// closely, but we don't guarantee to follow it perfectly. |
| 66 | /// |
| 67 | /// It is documented here: |
| 68 | /// http://infocenter.arm.com |
| 69 | /// /help/topic/com.arm.doc.ihi0059a/IHI0059A_cppabi64.pdf |
| 70 | iOS64, |
| 71 | |
| 72 | /// WatchOS is a modernisation of the iOS ABI, which roughly means it's |
| 73 | /// the iOS64 ABI ported to 32-bits. The primary difference from iOS64 is |
| 74 | /// that RTTI objects must still be unique at the moment. |
| 75 | WatchOS, |
| 76 | |
| 77 | /// The generic AArch64 ABI is also a modified version of the Itanium ABI, |
| 78 | /// but it has fewer divergences than the 32-bit ARM ABI. |
| 79 | /// |
| 80 | /// The relevant changes from the generic ABI in this case are: |
| 81 | /// - representation of member function pointers adjusted as in ARM. |
| 82 | /// - guard variables are smaller. |
| 83 | GenericAArch64, |
| 84 | |
| 85 | /// The generic Mips ABI is a modified version of the Itanium ABI. |
| 86 | /// |
| 87 | /// At the moment, only change from the generic ABI in this case is: |
| 88 | /// - representation of member function pointers adjusted as in ARM. |
| 89 | GenericMIPS, |
| 90 | |
| 91 | /// The WebAssembly ABI is a modified version of the Itanium ABI. |
| 92 | /// |
| 93 | /// The changes from the Itanium ABI are: |
| 94 | /// - representation of member function pointers is adjusted, as in ARM; |
| 95 | /// - member functions are not specially aligned; |
| 96 | /// - constructors and destructors return 'this', as in ARM; |
| 97 | /// - guard variables are 32-bit on wasm32, as in ARM; |
| 98 | /// - unused bits of guard variables are reserved, as in ARM; |
| 99 | /// - inline functions are never key functions, as in ARM; |
| 100 | /// - C++11 POD rules are used for tail padding, as in iOS64. |
| 101 | /// |
| 102 | /// TODO: At present the WebAssembly ABI is not considered stable, so none |
| 103 | /// of these details is necessarily final yet. |
| 104 | WebAssembly, |
| 105 | |
| 106 | /// The Microsoft ABI is the ABI used by Microsoft Visual Studio (and |
| 107 | /// compatible compilers). |
| 108 | /// |
| 109 | /// FIXME: should this be split into Win32 and Win64 variants? |
| 110 | /// |
| 111 | /// Only scattered and incomplete official documentation exists. |
| 112 | Microsoft |
| 113 | }; |
| 114 | |
| 115 | private: |
| 116 | // Right now, this class is passed around as a cheap value type. |
| 117 | // If you add more members, especially non-POD members, please |
| 118 | // audit the users to pass it by reference instead. |
| 119 | Kind TheKind; |
| 120 | |
| 121 | public: |
| 122 | /// A bogus initialization of the platform ABI. |
| 123 | TargetCXXABI() : TheKind(GenericItanium) {} |
| 124 | |
| 125 | TargetCXXABI(Kind kind) : TheKind(kind) {} |
| 126 | |
| 127 | void set(Kind kind) { |
| 128 | TheKind = kind; |
| 129 | } |
| 130 | |
| 131 | Kind getKind() const { return TheKind; } |
| 132 | |
| 133 | /// Does this ABI generally fall into the Itanium family of ABIs? |
| 134 | bool isItaniumFamily() const { |
| 135 | switch (getKind()) { |
| 136 | case GenericAArch64: |
| 137 | case GenericItanium: |
| 138 | case GenericARM: |
| 139 | case iOS: |
| 140 | case iOS64: |
| 141 | case WatchOS: |
| 142 | case GenericMIPS: |
| 143 | case WebAssembly: |
| 144 | return true; |
| 145 | |
| 146 | case Microsoft: |
| 147 | return false; |
| 148 | } |
| 149 | llvm_unreachable("bad ABI kind"); |
| 150 | } |
| 151 | |
| 152 | /// Is this ABI an MSVC-compatible ABI? |
| 153 | bool isMicrosoft() const { |
| 154 | switch (getKind()) { |
| 155 | case GenericAArch64: |
| 156 | case GenericItanium: |
| 157 | case GenericARM: |
| 158 | case iOS: |
| 159 | case iOS64: |
| 160 | case WatchOS: |
| 161 | case GenericMIPS: |
| 162 | case WebAssembly: |
| 163 | return false; |
| 164 | |
| 165 | case Microsoft: |
| 166 | return true; |
| 167 | } |
| 168 | llvm_unreachable("bad ABI kind"); |
| 169 | } |
| 170 | |
| 171 | /// Are member functions differently aligned? |
| 172 | /// |
| 173 | /// Many Itanium-style C++ ABIs require member functions to be aligned, so |
| 174 | /// that a pointer to such a function is guaranteed to have a zero in the |
| 175 | /// least significant bit, so that pointers to member functions can use that |
| 176 | /// bit to distinguish between virtual and non-virtual functions. However, |
| 177 | /// some Itanium-style C++ ABIs differentiate between virtual and non-virtual |
| 178 | /// functions via other means, and consequently don't require that member |
| 179 | /// functions be aligned. |
| 180 | bool areMemberFunctionsAligned() const { |
| 181 | switch (getKind()) { |
| 182 | case WebAssembly: |
| 183 | // WebAssembly doesn't require any special alignment for member functions. |
| 184 | return false; |
| 185 | case GenericARM: |
| 186 | case GenericAArch64: |
| 187 | case GenericMIPS: |
| 188 | // TODO: ARM-style pointers to member functions put the discriminator in |
| 189 | // the this adjustment, so they don't require functions to have any |
| 190 | // special alignment and could therefore also return false. |
| 191 | case GenericItanium: |
| 192 | case iOS: |
| 193 | case iOS64: |
| 194 | case WatchOS: |
| 195 | case Microsoft: |
| 196 | return true; |
| 197 | } |
| 198 | llvm_unreachable("bad ABI kind"); |
| 199 | } |
| 200 | |
| 201 | /// Are arguments to a call destroyed left to right in the callee? |
| 202 | /// This is a fundamental language change, since it implies that objects |
| 203 | /// passed by value do *not* live to the end of the full expression. |
| 204 | /// Temporaries passed to a function taking a const reference live to the end |
| 205 | /// of the full expression as usual. Both the caller and the callee must |
| 206 | /// have access to the destructor, while only the caller needs the |
| 207 | /// destructor if this is false. |
| 208 | bool areArgsDestroyedLeftToRightInCallee() const { |
| 209 | return isMicrosoft(); |
| 210 | } |
| 211 | |
| 212 | /// Does this ABI have different entrypoints for complete-object |
| 213 | /// and base-subobject constructors? |
| 214 | bool hasConstructorVariants() const { |
| 215 | return isItaniumFamily(); |
| 216 | } |
| 217 | |
| 218 | /// Does this ABI allow virtual bases to be primary base classes? |
| 219 | bool hasPrimaryVBases() const { |
| 220 | return isItaniumFamily(); |
| 221 | } |
| 222 | |
| 223 | /// Does this ABI use key functions? If so, class data such as the |
| 224 | /// vtable is emitted with strong linkage by the TU containing the key |
| 225 | /// function. |
| 226 | bool hasKeyFunctions() const { |
| 227 | return isItaniumFamily(); |
| 228 | } |
| 229 | |
| 230 | /// Can an out-of-line inline function serve as a key function? |
| 231 | /// |
| 232 | /// This flag is only useful in ABIs where type data (for example, |
| 233 | /// vtables and type_info objects) are emitted only after processing |
| 234 | /// the definition of a special "key" virtual function. (This is safe |
| 235 | /// because the ODR requires that every virtual function be defined |
| 236 | /// somewhere in a program.) This usually permits such data to be |
| 237 | /// emitted in only a single object file, as opposed to redundantly |
| 238 | /// in every object file that requires it. |
| 239 | /// |
| 240 | /// One simple and common definition of "key function" is the first |
| 241 | /// virtual function in the class definition which is not defined there. |
| 242 | /// This rule works very well when that function has a non-inline |
| 243 | /// definition in some non-header file. Unfortunately, when that |
| 244 | /// function is defined inline, this rule requires the type data |
| 245 | /// to be emitted weakly, as if there were no key function. |
| 246 | /// |
| 247 | /// The ARM ABI observes that the ODR provides an additional guarantee: |
| 248 | /// a virtual function is always ODR-used, so if it is defined inline, |
| 249 | /// that definition must appear in every translation unit that defines |
| 250 | /// the class. Therefore, there is no reason to allow such functions |
| 251 | /// to serve as key functions. |
| 252 | /// |
| 253 | /// Because this changes the rules for emitting type data, |
| 254 | /// it can cause type data to be emitted with both weak and strong |
| 255 | /// linkage, which is not allowed on all platforms. Therefore, |
| 256 | /// exploiting this observation requires an ABI break and cannot be |
| 257 | /// done on a generic Itanium platform. |
| 258 | bool canKeyFunctionBeInline() const { |
| 259 | switch (getKind()) { |
| 260 | case GenericARM: |
| 261 | case iOS64: |
| 262 | case WebAssembly: |
| 263 | case WatchOS: |
| 264 | return false; |
| 265 | |
| 266 | case GenericAArch64: |
| 267 | case GenericItanium: |
| 268 | case iOS: // old iOS compilers did not follow this rule |
| 269 | case Microsoft: |
| 270 | case GenericMIPS: |
| 271 | return true; |
| 272 | } |
| 273 | llvm_unreachable("bad ABI kind"); |
| 274 | } |
| 275 | |
| 276 | /// When is record layout allowed to allocate objects in the tail |
| 277 | /// padding of a base class? |
| 278 | /// |
| 279 | /// This decision cannot be changed without breaking platform ABI |
| 280 | /// compatibility, and yet it is tied to language guarantees which |
| 281 | /// the committee has so far seen fit to strengthen no less than |
| 282 | /// three separate times: |
| 283 | /// - originally, there were no restrictions at all; |
| 284 | /// - C++98 declared that objects could not be allocated in the |
| 285 | /// tail padding of a POD type; |
| 286 | /// - C++03 extended the definition of POD to include classes |
| 287 | /// containing member pointers; and |
| 288 | /// - C++11 greatly broadened the definition of POD to include |
| 289 | /// all trivial standard-layout classes. |
| 290 | /// Each of these changes technically took several existing |
| 291 | /// platforms and made them permanently non-conformant. |
| 292 | enum TailPaddingUseRules { |
| 293 | /// The tail-padding of a base class is always theoretically |
| 294 | /// available, even if it's POD. This is not strictly conforming |
| 295 | /// in any language mode. |
| 296 | AlwaysUseTailPadding, |
| 297 | |
| 298 | /// Only allocate objects in the tail padding of a base class if |
| 299 | /// the base class is not POD according to the rules of C++ TR1. |
| 300 | /// This is non-strictly conforming in C++11 mode. |
| 301 | UseTailPaddingUnlessPOD03, |
| 302 | |
| 303 | /// Only allocate objects in the tail padding of a base class if |
| 304 | /// the base class is not POD according to the rules of C++11. |
| 305 | UseTailPaddingUnlessPOD11 |
| 306 | }; |
| 307 | TailPaddingUseRules getTailPaddingUseRules() const { |
| 308 | switch (getKind()) { |
| 309 | // To preserve binary compatibility, the generic Itanium ABI has |
| 310 | // permanently locked the definition of POD to the rules of C++ TR1, |
| 311 | // and that trickles down to derived ABIs. |
| 312 | case GenericItanium: |
| 313 | case GenericAArch64: |
| 314 | case GenericARM: |
| 315 | case iOS: |
| 316 | case GenericMIPS: |
| 317 | return UseTailPaddingUnlessPOD03; |
| 318 | |
| 319 | // iOS on ARM64 and WebAssembly use the C++11 POD rules. They do not honor |
| 320 | // the Itanium exception about classes with over-large bitfields. |
| 321 | case iOS64: |
| 322 | case WebAssembly: |
| 323 | case WatchOS: |
| 324 | return UseTailPaddingUnlessPOD11; |
| 325 | |
| 326 | // MSVC always allocates fields in the tail-padding of a base class |
| 327 | // subobject, even if they're POD. |
| 328 | case Microsoft: |
| 329 | return AlwaysUseTailPadding; |
| 330 | } |
| 331 | llvm_unreachable("bad ABI kind"); |
| 332 | } |
| 333 | |
| 334 | friend bool operator==(const TargetCXXABI &left, const TargetCXXABI &right) { |
| 335 | return left.getKind() == right.getKind(); |
| 336 | } |
| 337 | |
| 338 | friend bool operator!=(const TargetCXXABI &left, const TargetCXXABI &right) { |
| 339 | return !(left == right); |
| 340 | } |
| 341 | }; |
| 342 | |
| 343 | } // end namespace clang |
| 344 | |
| 345 | #endif |
| 346 |