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19 | <h1>List of potential checkers</h1> |
20 | |
21 | <p>This page contains a list of potential checkers to implement in the static analyzer. If you are interested in contributing to the analyzer's development, this is a good resource to help you get started. The specific names of the checkers are subject to review, and are provided here as suggestions.</p> |
22 | |
23 | <!-- ========================= allocation/deallocation ======================= --> |
24 | <h3>memory</h3> |
25 | <table class="checkers"> |
26 | <col class="namedescr"><col class="example"><col class="progress"> |
27 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td><td>Progress</td></tr></thead> |
28 | |
29 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
30 | memory.LeakEvalOrder</span><span class="lang"> |
31 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
32 | Potential memory leaks caused by an undefined argument evaluation order. |
33 | <p>Source: <a href="http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_49_0/libs/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.htm#BestPractices"> |
34 | boost docs: shared_ptr</a>.</p></div></div></td> |
35 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
36 | <div class="example"><pre> |
37 | void f(int, int); |
38 | int g(void *); |
39 | int h() __attribute__((noreturn)); |
40 | |
41 | void test() { |
42 | // It is possible that 'malloc(1)' is called first, |
43 | // then 'h()', that is (or calls) noreturn and eventually |
44 | // 'g()' is never called. |
45 | f(g(malloc(1)), h()); // warn: 'g()' may never be called. |
46 | } |
47 | </pre></div> |
48 | <div class="example"><pre> |
49 | void f(int, int); |
50 | int g(int *); |
51 | int h() { throw 1; }; |
52 | |
53 | void test() { |
54 | // It is possible that 'new int' is called first, |
55 | // then 'h()', that throws an exception and eventually |
56 | // 'g()' is never called. |
57 | f(g(new int), h()); // warn: 'g()' may never be called. |
58 | } |
59 | </pre></div></div></td> |
60 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
61 | |
62 | |
63 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
64 | memory.DstBufferTooSmall</span><span class="lang"> |
65 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
66 | Destination buffer passed to memory function is too small. |
67 | <br>Note: <span class="name">security.insecureAPI.strcpy</span> currently warns |
68 | on usage of <code>strcpy</code> and suggests to replace it. |
69 | <br>Note: <span class="name">alpha.unix.CStringChecker</span> contains some similar checks. |
70 | <p>Source: <a href="https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/120.html">CWE-120</a>.</p></div></div></td> |
71 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
72 | <div class="example"><pre> |
73 | void test() { |
74 | const char* s1 = "abc"; |
75 | char *s2 = new char; |
76 | strcpy(s2, s1); // warn |
77 | } |
78 | </pre></div> |
79 | <div class="example"><pre> |
80 | void test() { |
81 | int* p1 = new int[3]; |
82 | int* p2 = new int; |
83 | memcpy(p2, p1, 3); // warn |
84 | } |
85 | </pre></div></div></td> |
86 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
87 | |
88 | |
89 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
90 | memory.NegativeArraySize</span><span class="lang"> |
91 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
92 | 'n' is used to specify the buffer size may be negative. |
93 | <br>Note: possibly an enhancement to <span class="name"> |
94 | alpha.security.MallocOverflow</span>. |
95 | <p>Source: <a href="http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/20.html">CWE-20, |
96 | Example 2</a>.</p></div></div></td> |
97 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
98 | <div class="example"><pre> |
99 | void test() { |
100 | int *p; |
101 | int n1 = -1; |
102 | p = new int[n1]; // warn |
103 | } |
104 | </pre></div></div></td> |
105 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
106 | |
107 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
108 | memory.ZeroAlloc</span><span class="lang"> |
109 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
110 | Allocation of zero bytes. |
111 | <br>Note: an enhancement to <span class="name">unix.Malloc</span>. |
112 | <br>Note: <span class="name">unix.API</span> perform C-checks for zero |
113 | allocation. This should be moved to <span class="name">unix.Malloc</span>. |
114 | <p>Source: C++03 3.7.3.1p2; C++11 3.7.4.1p2.</p></div></div></td> |
115 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
116 | <div class="example"><pre> |
117 | #include <stdlib.h> |
118 | |
119 | void test() { |
120 | int *p = malloc(0); // warn |
121 | free(p); |
122 | } |
123 | </pre></div> |
124 | <div class="example"><pre> |
125 | void test() { |
126 | int *p = new int[0]; // warn |
127 | delete[] p; |
128 | } |
129 | </pre></div></div></td> |
130 | <td class="aligned"><a href="http://reviews.llvm.org/D6178"> |
131 | D6178</a></td></tr> |
132 | |
133 | </table> |
134 | |
135 | <!-- ======================= constructors/destructors ====================== --> |
136 | <h3>constructors/destructors</h3> |
137 | <table class="checkers"> |
138 | <col class="namedescr"><col class="example"><col class="progress"> |
139 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td><td>Progress</td></tr></thead> |
140 | |
141 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
142 | ctordtor.ExptInsideDtor</span><span class="lang"> |
143 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
144 | It is dangerous to let an exception leave a destructor. |
145 | Using <code>try..catch</code> solves the problem. |
146 | <p>Source: Scott Meyers "More Effective C++", item 11: Prevent exceptions from |
147 | leaving destructors.</p></div></div></td> |
148 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
149 | <div class="example"><pre> |
150 | class A { |
151 | A() {} |
152 | ~A() { throw 1; } // warn |
153 | }; |
154 | </pre></div> |
155 | <div class="example"><pre> |
156 | void f() throw(int); |
157 | |
158 | class A { |
159 | A() {} |
160 | ~A() { f(); } // warn |
161 | }; |
162 | </pre></div></div></td> |
163 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
164 | |
165 | |
166 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
167 | ctordtor.PlacementSelfCopy</span><span class="lang"> |
168 | (C++11)</span><div class="descr"> |
169 | For a placement copy or move, it is almost certainly an error if the |
170 | constructed object is also the object being copied from.</div></div></td> |
171 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
172 | <div class="example"><pre> |
173 | class A {}; |
174 | |
175 | void test(A *dst, A *src) { |
176 | ::new (dst) A(*dst); // warn (should be 'src') |
177 | } |
178 | </pre></div></div></td> |
179 | <td class="aligned"><!--rdar://problem/13688366--></td></tr> |
180 | |
181 | </table> |
182 | |
183 | <!-- ============================== exceptions ============================= --> |
184 | <h3>exceptions</h3> |
185 | <table class="checkers"> |
186 | <col class="namedescr"><col class="example"><col class="progress"> |
187 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td><td>Progress</td></tr></thead> |
188 | |
189 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
190 | exceptions.ThrowSpecButNotThrow</span><span class="lang"> |
191 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
192 | Function declaration has a <code>throw(<i>type</i>)</code> specifier but the |
193 | function do not throw exceptions.</div></div></td> |
194 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
195 | <div class="example"><pre> |
196 | void test() throw(int) { |
197 | } // warn |
198 | </pre></div></div></td> |
199 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
200 | |
201 | |
202 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
203 | exceptions.NoThrowSpecButThrows</span><span class="lang"> |
204 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
205 | An exception is throw from a function having a <code>throw()</code> |
206 | specifier.</div></div></td> |
207 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
208 | <div class="example"><pre> |
209 | void test() throw() { |
210 | throw(1); // warn |
211 | } |
212 | </pre></div></div></td> |
213 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
214 | |
215 | |
216 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
217 | exceptions.ThrownTypeDiffersSpec</span><span class="lang"> |
218 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
219 | The type of a thrown exception differs from those specified in |
220 | a <code>throw(<i>type</i>)</code> specifier.</div></div></td> |
221 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
222 | <div class="example"><pre> |
223 | struct S{}; |
224 | |
225 | void test() throw(int) { |
226 | S s; |
227 | throw (s); // warn |
228 | } |
229 | </pre></div></div></td> |
230 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
231 | |
232 | </table> |
233 | |
234 | <!-- ========================= smart pointers ============================== --> |
235 | <h3>smart pointers</h3> |
236 | <table class="checkers"> |
237 | <col class="namedescr"><col class="example"><col class="progress"> |
238 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td><td>Progress</td></tr></thead> |
239 | |
240 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
241 | smartptr.SmartPtrInit</span><span class="lang"> |
242 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
243 | C++03: <code>auto_ptr</code> should store a pointer to an object obtained via |
244 | new as allocated memory will be cleaned using <code>delete</code>.<br> |
245 | C++11: one should use <code>unique_ptr<<i>type</i>[]></code> to keep a |
246 | pointer to memory allocated by <code>new[]</code>.<br> |
247 | C++11: to keep a pointer to memory allocated by <code>new[]</code> in |
248 | a <code>shared_ptr</code> one should use a custom deleter that calls <code> |
249 | delete[].</code>. |
250 | <p>Source: C++03 20.4.5p1; C++11 <code>auto_ptr</code> is deprecated (D.10).</p></div></div></td> |
251 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
252 | <div class="example"><pre> |
253 | #include <stdlib.h> |
254 | #include <memory> |
255 | |
256 | void test() { |
257 | std::auto_ptr<int> p1(new int); // Ok |
258 | std::auto_ptr<int> p2(new int[3]); // warn |
259 | } |
260 | </pre></div> |
261 | <div class="example"><pre> |
262 | #include <stdlib.h> |
263 | #include <memory> |
264 | |
265 | void test() { |
266 | std::auto_ptr<int> p((int *)malloc(sizeof(int))); // warn |
267 | } |
268 | </pre></div></div></td> |
269 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
270 | |
271 | </table> |
272 | |
273 | <!-- ============================== dead code ============================== --> |
274 | <h3>dead code</h3> |
275 | <table class="checkers"> |
276 | <col class="namedescr"><col class="example"><col class="progress"> |
277 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td><td>Progress</td></tr></thead> |
278 | |
279 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
280 | deadcode.UnmodifiedVariable</span><span class="lang"> |
281 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
282 | A variable is never modified but was not declared const and is not a |
283 | reference.<br><br><i>(opt-in checker)</i></div></div></td> |
284 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
285 | <div class="example"><pre> |
286 | extern int computeDelta(); |
287 | |
288 | int test(bool cond) { |
289 | int i = 0; |
290 | if (cond) { |
291 | const int delta = computeDelta(); |
292 | // warn: forgot to modify 'i' |
293 | } |
294 | return i; |
295 | } |
296 | </pre></div></div></td> |
297 | <td class="aligned"><a href="http://llvm.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=16890">PR16890</a></td></tr> |
298 | |
299 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
300 | deadcode.IdempotentOperations</span><span class="lang"> |
301 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
302 | Warn about idempotent operations.</div></div></td> |
303 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
304 | <div class="example"><pre> |
305 | void test() { |
306 | int x = 7; |
307 | x = x; // warn: value is always the same |
308 | } |
309 | </pre></div> |
310 | <div class="example"><pre> |
311 | void test() { |
312 | int x = 7; |
313 | x /= x; // warn: value is always 1 |
314 | } |
315 | </pre></div> |
316 | <div class="example"><pre> |
317 | void test() { |
318 | int x = 7, one = 1; |
319 | x *= one; // warn: right op is always 1 |
320 | } |
321 | </pre></div> |
322 | <div class="example"><pre> |
323 | void test() { |
324 | int x = 7, zero = 0; |
325 | x = x - zero; |
326 | // warn: the right operand to '-' is always 0 |
327 | } |
328 | </pre></div></div></td> |
329 | <td class="aligned">removed from alpha.deadcode.* at |
330 | <a href="https://reviews.llvm.org/rL198476">r198476</a></td></tr> |
331 | |
332 | </table> |
333 | |
334 | <!-- ================================ POSIX ================================ --> |
335 | <h3>POSIX</h3> |
336 | <table class="checkers"> |
337 | <col class="namedescr"><col class="example"><col class="progress"> |
338 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td><td>Progress</td></tr></thead> |
339 | |
340 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
341 | posix.Errno</span><span class="lang"> |
342 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
343 | Record that <code>errno</code> is non-zero when certain functions |
344 | fail.</div></div></td> |
345 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
346 | <div class="example"><pre> |
347 | #include <stdlib.h> |
348 | |
349 | int readWrapper(int fd, int *count) { |
350 | int lcount = read(fd, globalBuf, sizeof(globalBuf)); |
351 | if (lcount < 0) |
352 | return errno; |
353 | *count = lcount; |
354 | return 0; |
355 | } |
356 | |
357 | void use(int fd) { |
358 | int count; |
359 | if (!readWrapper(fd, &count)) |
360 | print("%d", count); // should not warn |
361 | } |
362 | </pre></div></div></td> |
363 | <td class="aligned"><a href="http://llvm.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=18701">PR18701</a></td></tr> |
364 | |
365 | </table> |
366 | |
367 | <!-- ========================= undefined behavior ========================== --> |
368 | <h3>undefined behavior</h3> |
369 | <table class="checkers"> |
370 | <col class="namedescr"><col class="example"><col class="progress"> |
371 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td><td>Progress</td></tr></thead> |
372 | |
373 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
374 | undefbehavior.ExitInDtor</span><span class="lang"> |
375 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
376 | Undefined behavior: <code>std::exit()</code> is called to end the program during |
377 | the destruction of an object with static storage duration. |
378 | <p>Source: C++11 3.6.1p4.</p></div></div></td> |
379 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
380 | <div class="example"><pre> |
381 | #include <cstdlib> |
382 | |
383 | class A { |
384 | public: |
385 | ~A() { |
386 | std::exit(1); // warn |
387 | } |
388 | }; |
389 | </pre></div></div></td> |
390 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
391 | |
392 | |
393 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
394 | undefbehavior.LocalStaticDestroyed</span><span class="lang"> |
395 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
396 | Undefined behavior: function containing a definition of static local object is |
397 | called during the destruction of an object with static storage duration so that |
398 | flow of control passes through the definition of the previously destroyed |
399 | static local object. |
400 | <p>Source: C++11 3.6.3p2.</p></div></div></td> |
401 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
402 | <div class="example"><pre> |
403 | void f(); |
404 | |
405 | class A { |
406 | public: |
407 | ~A() { |
408 | f(); // warn |
409 | } |
410 | }; |
411 | |
412 | class B {}; |
413 | |
414 | A a; |
415 | |
416 | void f() { |
417 | static B b; |
418 | } |
419 | </pre></div></div></td> |
420 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
421 | |
422 | |
423 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
424 | undefbehavior.ZeroAllocDereference</span><span class="lang"> |
425 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
426 | The effect of dereferencing a pointer returned as a request for zero size is |
427 | undefined.<br> |
428 | Note: possibly an enhancement to <span class="name"> |
429 | unix.Malloc</span>. |
430 | <p>Source: C++03 3.7.3.1p2; C++11 3.7.4.1p2.</p></div></div></td> |
431 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
432 | <div class="example"><pre> |
433 | #include <stdlib.h> |
434 | |
435 | void test() { |
436 | int *p = (int *)malloc(0); |
437 | *p = 1; // warn |
438 | free(p); |
439 | } |
440 | </pre></div> |
441 | <div class="example"><pre> |
442 | void f(int); |
443 | |
444 | void test() { |
445 | int *p = new int[0]; |
446 | f(*p); // warn |
447 | delete[] p; |
448 | } |
449 | </pre></div></div></td> |
450 | <td class="aligned"><a href="http://reviews.llvm.org/D8273">D8273</a></td></tr> |
451 | |
452 | |
453 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
454 | undefbehavior.DeadReferenced</span><span class="lang"> |
455 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
456 | Undefined behavior: the following usage of the pointer to the object whose |
457 | lifetime has ended can result in undefined behavior:<br> |
458 | The object will be or was of a class type with a non-trivial destructor and |
459 | <ul><li>the pointer is used as the operand of a delete-expression</li></ul> |
460 | The object will be or was of a non-POD class type (C++11: any class type) and |
461 | <ul><li>the pointer is used to access a non-static data member or call a |
462 | non-static member function of the object</li> |
463 | <li>the pointer is implicitly converted to a pointer to a base class |
464 | type</li> |
465 | <li>the pointer is used as the operand of a <code>static_cast</code> (except |
466 | when the conversion is to <code>void*</code>, or to <code>void*</code> and |
467 | subsequently to <code>char*</code>, or <code>unsigned char*</code>)</li> |
468 | <li>the pointer is used as the operand of a <code>dynamic_cast</code></li></ul> |
469 | <p>Source: C++03 3.8p5, p7; C++11 3.8p5, p7.</p></div></div></td> |
470 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
471 | <div class="example"><pre> |
472 | #include <new> |
473 | |
474 | class A { |
475 | public: |
476 | ~A(); |
477 | }; |
478 | |
479 | class B : public A {}; |
480 | |
481 | void test() { |
482 | A *a = new A; |
483 | new(a) B; |
484 | delete a; // warn |
485 | } |
486 | </pre></div> |
487 | <div class="example"><pre> |
488 | #include <new> |
489 | |
490 | class A { |
491 | public: |
492 | ~A(); |
493 | }; |
494 | |
495 | class B {}; |
496 | |
497 | void test() { |
498 | A *a = new A; |
499 | new(a) B; |
500 | a->~A(); |
501 | } |
502 | </pre></div> |
503 | <div class="example"><pre> |
504 | #include <new> |
505 | |
506 | class A { |
507 | public: |
508 | ~A(); |
509 | }; |
510 | |
511 | class B : public A {}; |
512 | |
513 | class C {}; |
514 | |
515 | void f(A*); |
516 | |
517 | void test() { |
518 | B *b = new B; |
519 | new(b) C; |
520 | f(b); // warn |
521 | } |
522 | </pre></div> |
523 | <div class="example"><pre> |
524 | #include <new> |
525 | |
526 | class A { |
527 | public: |
528 | ~A(); |
529 | }; |
530 | |
531 | class B : public A {}; |
532 | |
533 | class C {}; |
534 | |
535 | A* test() { |
536 | B *b = new B; |
537 | new(b) C; |
538 | return static_cast<A*>(b); // warn |
539 | } |
540 | </pre></div> |
541 | <div class="example"><pre> |
542 | #include <new> |
543 | |
544 | class A { |
545 | public: |
546 | ~A(); |
547 | }; |
548 | |
549 | class B : public A {}; |
550 | |
551 | class C {}; |
552 | |
553 | A* test() { |
554 | B *b = new B; |
555 | new(b) C; |
556 | return dynamic_cast<A*>(b); // warn |
557 | } |
558 | </pre></div></div></td> |
559 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
560 | |
561 | |
562 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
563 | undefbehavior.ObjLocChanges</span><span class="lang"> |
564 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
565 | Undefined behavior: the program must ensure that an object occupies the same |
566 | storage location when the implicit or explicit destructor call takes place. |
567 | <p>Source: C++11 3.8p8.</p></div></div></td> |
568 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
569 | <div class="example"><pre> |
570 | #include <new> |
571 | |
572 | class A {}; |
573 | |
574 | class B { |
575 | public: |
576 | ~B(); |
577 | }; |
578 | |
579 | void test() { |
580 | B b; |
581 | new (&b) A; |
582 | } // warn |
583 | </pre></div> |
584 | <div class="example"><pre> |
585 | #include <new> |
586 | |
587 | class A {}; |
588 | |
589 | class B { |
590 | public: |
591 | ~B(); |
592 | }; |
593 | |
594 | void test() { |
595 | B *b = new B; |
596 | new (b) A; |
597 | delete b; // warn |
598 | } |
599 | </pre></div></div></td> |
600 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
601 | |
602 | |
603 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
604 | undefbehavior.ExprEvalOrderUndef</span><span class="lang"> |
605 | (C, C++03)</span><div class="descr"> |
606 | Undefined behavior: a scalar object shall have its stored value modified at |
607 | most once by the evaluation of an expression.<br> |
608 | Note: most cases are currently handled by the Clang core (search for 'multiple |
609 | unsequenced modifications' warning in Clang tests). |
610 | <p>Source: C++03 5p4.</p></div></div></td> |
611 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
612 | <div class="example"><pre> |
613 | int test () { |
614 | int i = 0; |
615 | i = ++i + 1; // warn |
616 | return i; |
617 | } |
618 | </pre></div></div></td> |
619 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
620 | |
621 | |
622 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
623 | undefbehavior.StaticInitReentered</span><span class="lang"> |
624 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
625 | Undefined behavior: static declaration is re-entered while the object is being |
626 | initialized. |
627 | <p>Source: C++11 6.7p4.</p></div></div></td> |
628 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
629 | <div class="example"><pre> |
630 | int test(int i) { |
631 | static int s = test(2 * i); // warn |
632 | return i + 1; |
633 | } |
634 | </pre></div></div></td> |
635 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
636 | |
637 | |
638 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
639 | undefbehavior.ConstModified</span><span class="lang"> |
640 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
641 | Undefined behavior: const object is being modified. |
642 | <p>Source: C++03 7.1.5.1p4, C++11 7.1.6.1p4.</p></div></div></td> |
643 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
644 | <div class="example"><pre> |
645 | void test() { |
646 | const int *cp = new const int (0); |
647 | int *p = const_cast<int *>(cp); |
648 | *p = 1; // warn |
649 | delete p; |
650 | } |
651 | </pre></div> |
652 | <div class="example"><pre> |
653 | class C { |
654 | public : |
655 | int i; |
656 | C(); |
657 | }; |
658 | |
659 | void test() { |
660 | const C cb; |
661 | |
662 | C* cp = const_cast<C *>(&cb); |
663 | cp->i = 1; // warn |
664 | } |
665 | </pre></div></div></td> |
666 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
667 | |
668 | |
669 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
670 | undefbehavior.DeadDestructed</span><span class="lang"> |
671 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
672 | Undefined behavior: the destructor is invoked for an object whose lifetime |
673 | has ended. |
674 | <p>Source: C++11 12.4p14.</p></div></div></td> |
675 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
676 | <div class="example"><pre> |
677 | class A { |
678 | public: |
679 | void f(); |
680 | A(); |
681 | ~A(); |
682 | }; |
683 | |
684 | void test() { |
685 | A a; |
686 | a.~A(); |
687 | } // warn |
688 | </pre></div></div></td> |
689 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
690 | |
691 | |
692 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
693 | undefbehavior.MethodCallBeforeBaseInit</span><span class="lang"> |
694 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
695 | Undefined behavior: calls member function but base not yet initialized. |
696 | <p>Source: C++03 12.6.2p8; C++11 12.6.2p13.</p></div></div></td> |
697 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
698 | <div class="example"><pre> |
699 | class A { |
700 | public : |
701 | A(int); |
702 | }; |
703 | |
704 | class B : public A { |
705 | public : |
706 | int f(); |
707 | B() : A(f()) {} // warn |
708 | }; |
709 | </pre></div></div></td> |
710 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
711 | |
712 | |
713 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
714 | undefbehavior.MemberOrBaseRefBeforeCtor</span><span class="lang"> |
715 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
716 | C++ Undefined behavior: non-static member or base class of non-POD class type |
717 | is referred before constructor begins execution.<br> |
718 | C++11 Undefined behavior: non-static member or base class of a class with a |
719 | non-trivial constructor is referred before constructor begins execution. |
720 | <p>Source: C++03 12.7p1; C++11 12.7p1.</p></div></div></td> |
721 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
722 | <div class="example"><pre> |
723 | struct non_POD { |
724 | int i; |
725 | non_POD(); |
726 | }; |
727 | |
728 | extern non_POD non_pod; |
729 | |
730 | int *p = &non_pod.i; // warn |
731 | </pre></div> |
732 | <div class="example"><pre> |
733 | struct POD { |
734 | int i; |
735 | }; |
736 | |
737 | struct non_POD : public POD { |
738 | POD pod; |
739 | }; |
740 | |
741 | extern non_POD non_pod; |
742 | |
743 | int *p = &non_pod.pod.i; // warn |
744 | </pre></div> |
745 | <div class="example"><pre> |
746 | struct POD { |
747 | int i; |
748 | }; |
749 | |
750 | struct non_POD : public POD {}; |
751 | |
752 | extern non_POD non_pod; |
753 | |
754 | POD *p = &non_pod; // warn |
755 | </pre></div> |
756 | <div class="example"><pre> |
757 | struct non_POD { |
758 | int i; |
759 | non_POD(); |
760 | }; |
761 | |
762 | struct S { |
763 | int *k; |
764 | non_POD non_pod; |
765 | S() : k(&non_pod.i) {} // warn |
766 | }; |
767 | </pre></div></div></td> |
768 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
769 | |
770 | |
771 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
772 | undefbehavior.MemberRefAfterDtor</span><span class="lang"> |
773 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
774 | C++03: Undefined behavior: non-static member of non-POD class type is referred |
775 | after destructor ends execution.<br> |
776 | C++11: Undefined behavior: non-static member of a class with a non-trivial |
777 | destructor is referred after destructor ends execution. |
778 | <p>Source: C++03 12.7p1; C++11 12.7p1.</p></div></div></td> |
779 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
780 | <div class="example"><pre> |
781 | class C { |
782 | public: |
783 | C(); |
784 | void f(); |
785 | }; |
786 | |
787 | void test() { |
788 | C *c = new C(); |
789 | c->~C(); |
790 | c->f(); // warn |
791 | } |
792 | </pre></div></div></td> |
793 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
794 | |
795 | |
796 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
797 | undefbehavior.CtorForeignCall</span><span class="lang"> |
798 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
799 | Undefined behavior: call to virtual function of an object under construction |
800 | whose type is neither the constructors own class or one of its bases. |
801 | <p>Source: C++11 12.7p4.</p></div></div></td> |
802 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
803 | <div class="example"><pre> |
804 | class A { |
805 | public: |
806 | virtual void f() {}; |
807 | }; |
808 | |
809 | class B { |
810 | public: |
811 | B(A* a) { a->f(); } // warn |
812 | }; |
813 | |
814 | class C : public A, B { |
815 | public: |
816 | C() : B((A*)this) {} |
817 | }; |
818 | </pre></div></div></td> |
819 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
820 | |
821 | |
822 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
823 | undefbehavior.CtorForeignTypeid</span><span class="lang"> |
824 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
825 | Undefined behavior: the operand of <code>typeid</code> is an object under |
826 | construction whose type is neither the constructors own class or one of its |
827 | bases. |
828 | <p>Source: C++11 12.7p5.</p></div></div></td> |
829 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
830 | <div class="example"><pre> |
831 | #include <typeinfo> |
832 | |
833 | class A {}; |
834 | |
835 | class B { |
836 | public: |
837 | B(A* a) { |
838 | (void)typeid(*a); // warn |
839 | } |
840 | }; |
841 | |
842 | class C : public A, B { |
843 | public: |
844 | C() : B((A*)this) {} |
845 | }; |
846 | </pre></div></div></td> |
847 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
848 | |
849 | |
850 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
851 | undefbehavior.CtorForeignCast</span><span class="lang"> |
852 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
853 | Undefined behavior: the operand of <code>dynamic_cast</code> is an object under |
854 | construction whose type is neither the constructors own class or one of its |
855 | bases. |
856 | <p>Source: C++11 12.7p6.</p></div></div></td> |
857 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
858 | <div class="example"><pre> |
859 | #include <typeinfo> |
860 | |
861 | class A { |
862 | public: |
863 | virtual void f() {}; |
864 | }; |
865 | |
866 | class B { |
867 | public: |
868 | B(A* a) { |
869 | (void)dynamic_cast<B*>(a); //warn |
870 | } |
871 | }; |
872 | |
873 | class C : public A, B { |
874 | public: |
875 | C() : B((A*)this) {} |
876 | }; |
877 | </pre></div></div></td> |
878 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
879 | |
880 | |
881 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
882 | undefbehavior.MemberOrBaseRefInCatch</span><span class="lang"> |
883 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
884 | Undefined behavior: referring to any non-static member or base class of an |
885 | object in the handler for a function-try-block of a constructor or destructor |
886 | for that object results in undefined behavior. |
887 | <p>Source: C++11 15.3p10.</p></div></div></td> |
888 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
889 | <div class="example"><pre> |
890 | void f() { throw 1; } |
891 | |
892 | class C { |
893 | int i; |
894 | public : |
895 | C() |
896 | try { |
897 | f(); |
898 | } |
899 | catch (...) { |
900 | i=2; // warn |
901 | } |
902 | }; |
903 | </pre></div> |
904 | <div class="example"><pre> |
905 | void f() { throw 1; } |
906 | |
907 | class Base { |
908 | public: |
909 | int i; |
910 | }; |
911 | |
912 | class C: public Base { |
913 | public : |
914 | ~C() try { |
915 | f(); |
916 | } |
917 | catch (...) { |
918 | i=2; // warn |
919 | } |
920 | }; |
921 | </pre></div></div></td> |
922 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
923 | |
924 | |
925 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
926 | undefbehavior.ReturnAtCatchEnd</span><span class="lang"> |
927 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
928 | Undefined behavior: a function returns when control reaches the end of a |
929 | handler. This results in undefined behavior in a value-returning function. |
930 | <p>Source: C++11 15.3p10.</p></div></div></td> |
931 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
932 | <div class="example"><pre> |
933 | void f() { throw 1; } |
934 | |
935 | int test() try { |
936 | f(); |
937 | return 1; |
938 | } |
939 | catch(int) { |
940 | } // warn |
941 | </pre></div></div></td> |
942 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
943 | |
944 | |
945 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
946 | undefbehavior.AutoptrsOwnSameObj</span><span class="lang"> |
947 | (C++03)</span><div class="descr"> |
948 | Undefined behavior: if more than one <code>auto_ptr</code> owns the same object |
949 | at the same time the behavior of the program is undefined. |
950 | <p>Source: C++03 20.4.5p3; C++11 <code>auto_ptr</code> is deprecated |
951 | (D.10).</p></div></div></td> |
952 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
953 | <div class="example"><pre> |
954 | #include <memory> |
955 | |
956 | void test() { |
957 | int *data = new int; |
958 | std::auto_ptr<int> p(data); |
959 | std::auto_ptr<int> q(data); // warn |
960 | } |
961 | </pre></div></div></td> |
962 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
963 | |
964 | |
965 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
966 | undefbehavior.BasicStringOutOfBound</span><span class="lang"> |
967 | (C++03)</span><div class="descr"> |
968 | Undefined behavior: out-of-bound <code>basic_string</code> access/modification. |
969 | <br>Note: possibly an enhancement to <span class="name"> |
970 | alpha.security.ArrayBoundV2</span>. |
971 | <p>Source: C++03 21.3.4p1; C++11 behavior is defined |
972 | (21.4.5p2).</p></div></div></td> |
973 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
974 | <div class="example"><pre> |
975 | #include <string> |
976 | |
977 | void test() { |
978 | std::basic_string<char> s; |
979 | char c = s[10]; // warn |
980 | } |
981 | </pre></div> |
982 | <div class="example"><pre> |
983 | #include <string> |
984 | |
985 | void test() { |
986 | std::basic_string<char> s; |
987 | s[10] = 0; // warn |
988 | } |
989 | </pre></div></div></td> |
990 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
991 | |
992 | |
993 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
994 | undefbehavior.EosDereference</span><span class="lang"> |
995 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
996 | Undefined behavior: the result of <code>operator*()</code> on an end of a |
997 | stream is undefined. |
998 | <p>Source: C++03 24.5.3p2; C++11 24.6.3p2.</p></div></div></td> |
999 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1000 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1001 | #include <vector> |
1002 | |
1003 | int test() { |
1004 | std::vector<int> v; |
1005 | return *v.end(); // warn |
1006 | } |
1007 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1008 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1009 | |
1010 | |
1011 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1012 | undefbehavior.QsortNonPODNonTrivial</span><span class="lang"> |
1013 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1014 | C++03: Undefined behavior: the objects in the array passed to qsort are of |
1015 | non-POD type.<br> |
1016 | C++11: Undefined behavior: the objects in the array passed to qsort are of |
1017 | non-trivial type. |
1018 | <p>Source: C++03 25.4p4; C++11 25.5p4.</p></div></div></td> |
1019 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1020 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1021 | // C++03 |
1022 | #include <cstdlib> |
1023 | |
1024 | |
1025 | struct non_POD { |
1026 | non_POD(); |
1027 | }; |
1028 | |
1029 | non_POD values[] = { non_POD(), non_POD() }; |
1030 | |
1031 | int compare(const void *a, const void *b); |
1032 | |
1033 | void test() { |
1034 | qsort(values, 2, sizeof(non_POD), compare); // warn |
1035 | } |
1036 | </pre></div> |
1037 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1038 | // C++11 |
1039 | #include <cstdlib> |
1040 | |
1041 | struct S {}; |
1042 | |
1043 | struct trivial_non_POD : public S { |
1044 | int i; |
1045 | }; |
1046 | |
1047 | struct non_trivial { |
1048 | int i; |
1049 | non_trivial(); |
1050 | }; |
1051 | |
1052 | trivial_non_POD tnp[2]; |
1053 | non_trivial nt[2]; |
1054 | |
1055 | int compare1(const void *a, const void *b); |
1056 | |
1057 | int compare2(const void *a, const void *b); |
1058 | |
1059 | void test() { |
1060 | qsort(tnp, 2, sizeof(trivial_non_POD), compare1); // ok |
1061 | qsort(nt, 2, sizeof(non_trivial), compare2); // warn |
1062 | } |
1063 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1064 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1065 | |
1066 | |
1067 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1068 | undefbehavior.ThrowWhileCopy</span><span class="lang"> |
1069 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1070 | Undefined behavior: copy constructor/assignment operator can throw an exception. |
1071 | The effects are undefined if an exception is thrown.</div></div></td> |
1072 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1073 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1074 | class C { |
1075 | public: |
1076 | int i, j; |
1077 | C (const C &c) { |
1078 | i = c.i; |
1079 | throw 1; // warn |
1080 | j = c.j; |
1081 | }; |
1082 | }; |
1083 | </pre></div> |
1084 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1085 | class C { |
1086 | public: |
1087 | int i, j; |
1088 | C &operator=(const C &c) { |
1089 | i = c.i; |
1090 | throw 1; // warn |
1091 | j = c.j; |
1092 | }; |
1093 | }; |
1094 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1095 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1096 | |
1097 | |
1098 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1099 | undefbehavior.ValarrayArgBound</span><span class="lang"> |
1100 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1101 | Undefined behavior: the value of the <code><i>n</i></code> argument passed |
1102 | to <code>valarray</code> constructor is greater than the number of values |
1103 | pointed to by the first argument (source). |
1104 | <p>Source: C++03 26.3.2.1p4; C++11 26.6.2.2p4.</p></div></div></td> |
1105 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1106 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1107 | #include <valarray> |
1108 | |
1109 | struct S { |
1110 | int i; |
1111 | S(int ii) : i(ii) {}; |
1112 | }; |
1113 | |
1114 | void test(void) { |
1115 | S s[] = { S(1), S(2) }; |
1116 | std::valarray<S> v(s,3); // warn |
1117 | } |
1118 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1119 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1120 | |
1121 | |
1122 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1123 | undefbehavior.ValarrayLengthDiffer</span><span class="lang"> |
1124 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1125 | Undefined behavior: <code>valarray</code> operands are of different length. |
1126 | <p>Source: C++03 26.3.2.2p1, 26.3.2.6p3, 26.3.3.1p3, 26.3.3.2p3; |
1127 | C++11 defined (26.6.2.3p1), 26.6.2.7p3, 26.6.3.1p3, |
1128 | 26.6.3.2p3.</p></div></div></td> |
1129 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1130 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1131 | // C++03 |
1132 | #include <valarray> |
1133 | |
1134 | void test(void) { |
1135 | std::valarray<int> a(0, 1), b(0, 2); |
1136 | a = b; // warn |
1137 | b.resize(1); |
1138 | a = b; // ok |
1139 | } |
1140 | </pre></div> |
1141 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1142 | // C++03, C++11 |
1143 | #include <valarray> |
1144 | |
1145 | void test(void) { |
1146 | std::valarray<int> a(0, 1), b(0, 2); |
1147 | a *= b; // warn |
1148 | } |
1149 | </pre></div> |
1150 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1151 | // C++03, C++11 |
1152 | #include <valarray> |
1153 | |
1154 | void test(void) { |
1155 | std::valarray<int> a(0, 1), b(0, 2); |
1156 | a = a + b; // warn |
1157 | } |
1158 | </pre></div> |
1159 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1160 | // C++03, C++11 |
1161 | #include <valarray> |
1162 | |
1163 | void test(void) { |
1164 | std::valarray<int> a(0, 1), b(0, 2); |
1165 | std::valarray<bool> c(false, 1); |
1166 | c = a == b; // warn |
1167 | } |
1168 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1169 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1170 | |
1171 | |
1172 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1173 | undefbehavior.ValarrayZeroLength</span><span class="lang"> |
1174 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1175 | Undefined behavior: calling <code>sum()</code>/<code>min()</code>/<code> |
1176 | max()</code> methods of a zero length <code>valarray<code> the behavior is |
1177 | undefined. |
1178 | <p>Source: C++03 26.3.2.7p2, p3, p4; C++11 26.6.2.8p5, p6, |
1179 | p7.</p></div></div></td> |
1180 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1181 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1182 | #include <valarray> |
1183 | |
1184 | void test(void) { |
1185 | std::valarray<int> v(0, 0); |
1186 | v.sum(); // warn |
1187 | } |
1188 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1189 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1190 | |
1191 | |
1192 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1193 | undefbehavior.ValarrayBadIndirection</span><span class="lang"> |
1194 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1195 | Undefined behavior: element is specified more than once in an indirection. |
1196 | <p>Source: C++03 26.3.9.2p2, 26.3.9.3p2; C++11 26.6.9.2p2, |
1197 | 26.6.9.3p2.</p></div></div></td> |
1198 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1199 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1200 | #include <valarray> |
1201 | |
1202 | void test() { |
1203 | // '1' is specified more then once |
1204 | size_t addr[] = {0, 1, 1}; |
1205 | std::valarray<size_t>indirect(addr, 3); |
1206 | std::valarray<int> a(0, 5), b(1, 3); |
1207 | a[indirect] = b; //warn |
1208 | } |
1209 | </pre></div> |
1210 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1211 | #include <valarray> |
1212 | |
1213 | void test() { |
1214 | // '1' is specified more then once |
1215 | size_t addr[] = {0, 1, 1}; |
1216 | std::valarray<size_t>indirect(addr, 3); |
1217 | std::valarray<int> a(0, 5), b(1, 3); |
1218 | a[indirect] *= b; //warn |
1219 | } |
1220 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1221 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1222 | |
1223 | |
1224 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1225 | undefbehavior.IosBaseDestroyedBeforeInit</span><span class="lang"> |
1226 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1227 | Undefined behavior: <code>ios_base</code> object is destroyed before |
1228 | initialization have taken place. <code>basic_ios::init</code> should be call to |
1229 | initialize <code>ios_base</code> members. |
1230 | <p>Source: C++03 27.4.2.7p1, 27.4.4.1p2; C++11 27.5.3.7p1, |
1231 | 27.5.5.2p2.</p></div></div></td> |
1232 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1233 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1234 | #include <ios> |
1235 | |
1236 | using namespace std; |
1237 | template <class T, class Traits = std::char_traits<T> > |
1238 | class my_stream1 : public std::basic_ios<T, Traits> { |
1239 | }; |
1240 | |
1241 | template <class T, class Traits = std::char_traits<T> > |
1242 | class my_stream2 : public std::basic_ios<T, Traits> { |
1243 | class my_streambuf |
1244 | : public std::basic_streambuf<T, Traits> { |
1245 | }; |
1246 | public: |
1247 | my_stream2() { |
1248 | this->init(new my_streambuf); |
1249 | } |
1250 | }; |
1251 | |
1252 | void test() { |
1253 | my_stream1<char> *p1 = new my_stream1<char>; |
1254 | my_stream2<char> *p2 = new my_stream2<char>; |
1255 | delete p1; // warn |
1256 | delete p2; // ok |
1257 | } |
1258 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1259 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1260 | |
1261 | |
1262 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1263 | undefbehavior.IosBaseUsedBeforeInit</span><span class="lang"> |
1264 | (C++11)</span><div class="descr"> |
1265 | Undefined behavior: <code>ios_base</code> object is used before initialization |
1266 | have taken place. <code>basic_ios::init</code> should be call to |
1267 | initialize <code>ios_base</code> members. |
1268 | <p>Source: C++11 27.5.3.7p1, 27.5.5.2p2.</p></div></div></td> |
1269 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1270 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1271 | #include <ios> |
1272 | |
1273 | using namespace std; |
1274 | template <class T, class Traits = std::char_traits<T> > |
1275 | class my_stream1 : public std::basic_ios<T, Traits> { |
1276 | }; |
1277 | |
1278 | template <class T, class Traits = std::char_traits<T> > |
1279 | class my_stream2 : public std::basic_ios<T, Traits> { |
1280 | class my_streambuf |
1281 | : public std::basic_streambuf<T, Traits> { |
1282 | }; |
1283 | public: |
1284 | my_stream2() { |
1285 | this->init(new my_streambuf); |
1286 | } |
1287 | }; |
1288 | |
1289 | void test() { |
1290 | my_stream1<char> *p1 = new my_stream1<char>; |
1291 | my_stream2<char> *p2 = new my_stream2<char>; |
1292 | p1->narrow('a', 'b'); // warn |
1293 | p2->narrow('a', 'b'); // ok |
1294 | } |
1295 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1296 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1297 | |
1298 | |
1299 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1300 | undefbehavior.MinusOnePosType</span><span class="lang"> |
1301 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1302 | Undefined behavior: passing -1 to any <code>streambuf</code>/<code> |
1303 | istream</code>/<code>ostream</code> member that accepts a value of |
1304 | type <code>traits::pos_type</code> result in undefined behavior. |
1305 | <p>Source: C++03 27.4.3.2p3; C++11 27.5.4.2p3.</p></div></div></td> |
1306 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1307 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1308 | #include <fstream> |
1309 | |
1310 | class my_streambuf : public std::streambuf { |
1311 | void f() { |
1312 | seekpos(-1); // warn |
1313 | } |
1314 | }; |
1315 | </pre></div> |
1316 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1317 | #include <fstream> |
1318 | |
1319 | void test() { |
1320 | std::filebuf fb; |
1321 | std::istream in(&fb); |
1322 | std::filebuf::off_type pos(-1); |
1323 | in.seekg(pos); // warn |
1324 | } |
1325 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1326 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1327 | |
1328 | </table> |
1329 | |
1330 | <!-- ============================ different ================================ --> |
1331 | <h3>different</h3> |
1332 | <table class="checkers"> |
1333 | <col class="namedescr"><col class="example"><col class="progress"> |
1334 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td><td>Progress</td></tr> |
1335 | </thead> |
1336 | |
1337 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1338 | different.SuccessiveAssign</span><span class="lang"> |
1339 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
1340 | Successive assign to a variable.</div></div></td> |
1341 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1342 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1343 | int test() { |
1344 | int i; |
1345 | i=1; |
1346 | i=2; // warn |
1347 | return i; |
1348 | } |
1349 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1350 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1351 | |
1352 | |
1353 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1354 | different.NullDerefStmtOrder</span><span class="lang"> |
1355 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
1356 | Dereferencing of the null pointer might take place. Checking the pointer for |
1357 | null should be performed first. |
1358 | <br>Note: possibly an enhancement to <span class="name"> |
1359 | core.NullDereference</span>.</div></div></td> |
1360 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1361 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1362 | struct S { |
1363 | int x; |
1364 | }; |
1365 | |
1366 | struct S* f(); |
1367 | |
1368 | void test() { |
1369 | struct S *p1 = f(); |
1370 | int x1 = p1->x; // warn |
1371 | if (p1) {}; |
1372 | |
1373 | struct S *p2 = f(); |
1374 | int x2 = p2->x; // ok |
1375 | } |
1376 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1377 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1378 | |
1379 | |
1380 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1381 | different.NullDerefCondOrder</span><span class="lang"> |
1382 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
1383 | Dereferencing of the null pointer might take place. Checking the pointer for |
1384 | null should be performed first. |
1385 | <br>Note: possibly an enhancement to <span class="name"> |
1386 | core.NullDereference</span>.</div></div></td> |
1387 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1388 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1389 | struct S {int i;}; |
1390 | |
1391 | struct S* f(); |
1392 | |
1393 | void test() { |
1394 | struct S *p = f(); |
1395 | if (p->i && p) {}; // warn |
1396 | } |
1397 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1398 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1399 | |
1400 | |
1401 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1402 | different.MultipleAccessors</span><span class="lang"> |
1403 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1404 | Identical accessor bodies. Possibly a misprint.</div></div></td> |
1405 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1406 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1407 | class A { |
1408 | int i; |
1409 | int j; |
1410 | public: |
1411 | int getI() { return i; } |
1412 | int getJ() { return i; } // warn |
1413 | }; |
1414 | </pre></div> |
1415 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1416 | class A { |
1417 | int i; |
1418 | int j; |
1419 | public: |
1420 | void setI(int& ii) { i = ii; } |
1421 | void setJ(int& jj) { i = jj; } // warn |
1422 | }; |
1423 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1424 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1425 | |
1426 | |
1427 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1428 | different.AccessorsForPublic</span><span class="lang"> |
1429 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1430 | Accessors exist for a public class field. Should this field really be |
1431 | public?</div></div></td> |
1432 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1433 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1434 | class A { |
1435 | public: |
1436 | int i; // warn |
1437 | int getI() { return i; } |
1438 | void setI(int& ii) { i = ii; } |
1439 | }; |
1440 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1441 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1442 | |
1443 | |
1444 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1445 | different.LibFuncResultUnised</span><span class="lang"> |
1446 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1447 | Calling a function ignoring its return value is of no use (create the list of |
1448 | known system/library/API functions falling into this category).</div></div></td> |
1449 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1450 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1451 | #include <vector> |
1452 | |
1453 | void test() { |
1454 | std::vector<int> v; |
1455 | v.empty(); // warn |
1456 | } |
1457 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1458 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1459 | |
1460 | |
1461 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1462 | different.WrongVarForStmt</span><span class="lang"> |
1463 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1464 | Wrong variable is possibly used in the loop/cond-expression of |
1465 | the <code>for</code> statement. Did you mean |
1466 | 'proper_variable_name'?</div></div></td> |
1467 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1468 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1469 | void test() { |
1470 | int i = 0; |
1471 | int j = 0; |
1472 | for (i = 0; i < 3; j += 1); // warn |
1473 | } |
1474 | </pre></div> |
1475 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1476 | void test() { |
1477 | int i = 0; |
1478 | int j = 0; |
1479 | for (int j = 0; i < 3; ++j); // warn |
1480 | } |
1481 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1482 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1483 | |
1484 | |
1485 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1486 | different.FloatingCompare</span><span class="lang"> |
1487 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
1488 | Comparing floating point numbers may be not precise.</div></div></td> |
1489 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1490 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1491 | #include <math.h> |
1492 | |
1493 | double test() { |
1494 | double b = sin(M_PI / 6.0); |
1495 | if (b == 0.5) // warn |
1496 | b = 0; |
1497 | return b; |
1498 | } |
1499 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1500 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1501 | |
1502 | |
1503 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1504 | different.BitwiseOpBoolArg</span><span class="lang"> |
1505 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1506 | Boolean value met at the left/right part of the bitwise <code>&</code> |
1507 | or <code>|</code> operator. |
1508 | Did you mean <code>&&</code> (<code>||</code>) ?</div></div></td> |
1509 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1510 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1511 | int f(); |
1512 | |
1513 | void test() { |
1514 | bool b = true; |
1515 | if (b & f()) {} // warn |
1516 | } |
1517 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1518 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1519 | |
1520 | |
1521 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1522 | different.LabelInsideSwitch</span><span class="lang"> |
1523 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
1524 | Possibly a misprint: label found inside a <code>switch()</code> |
1525 | statement.</div></div></td> |
1526 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1527 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1528 | void test(int c) { |
1529 | switch(c){ |
1530 | case 1: |
1531 | c += 1; break; |
1532 | defalt: // warn (did you mean 'default'?) |
1533 | c -= 1; break; |
1534 | } |
1535 | } |
1536 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1537 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1538 | |
1539 | |
1540 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1541 | different.IdenticalCondIfIf</span><span class="lang"> |
1542 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
1543 | The conditions of two subsequent <code>if</code> statements are |
1544 | identical.</div></div></td> |
1545 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1546 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1547 | int test(int c) { |
1548 | if (c > 5) |
1549 | c += 1; |
1550 | if (c > 5) // warn |
1551 | c -= 1; |
1552 | return c; |
1553 | } |
1554 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1555 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1556 | |
1557 | |
1558 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1559 | different.LogicalOpUselessArg</span><span class="lang"> |
1560 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
1561 | The second operand of a <code>&&</code> operator has no impact on |
1562 | expression result.</div></div></td> |
1563 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1564 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1565 | void test(unsigned a) { |
1566 | if (a<7 && a<10) {}; // warn |
1567 | } |
1568 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1569 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1570 | |
1571 | |
1572 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1573 | different.SameResLogicalExpr</span><span class="lang"> |
1574 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
1575 | An expression is always evaluated to true/false.</div></div></td> |
1576 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1577 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1578 | void test() { |
1579 | int i = 0; |
1580 | if (i != 0) {}; // warn |
1581 | } |
1582 | </pre></div> |
1583 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1584 | void test(int i) { |
1585 | if (i == 0 && i == 1) {}; // warn |
1586 | } |
1587 | </pre></div> |
1588 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1589 | void test(int i) { |
1590 | if (i < 0 || i >= 0) {}; // warn |
1591 | } |
1592 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1593 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1594 | |
1595 | |
1596 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1597 | different.OpPrecedenceAssignCmp</span><span class="lang"> |
1598 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1599 | Comparison operation has higher precedence then assignment. Boolean value is |
1600 | assigned to a variable of other type. Parenthesis may bee required around an |
1601 | assignment.</div></div></td> |
1602 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1603 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1604 | int f(); |
1605 | |
1606 | void test(int x, int y) { |
1607 | bool b; |
1608 | if((b = x != y)) {} // ok |
1609 | if((x = f() != y)) {} // warn |
1610 | } |
1611 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1612 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1613 | |
1614 | |
1615 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1616 | different.OpPrecedenceIifShift</span><span class="lang"> |
1617 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1618 | <code>?:</code> has lower precedence then <code><<</code>. |
1619 | <p>Source: Stephen C. Dewhurst "C++ Gotchas: Avoiding Common Problems in Coding |
1620 | and Design", advise 15.</p></div></div></td> |
1621 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1622 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1623 | #include <iostream> |
1624 | |
1625 | void test(int a) { |
1626 | std::cout << a ? "a" : "b"; // warn |
1627 | } |
1628 | </pre></div> |
1629 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1630 | void test(int a) { |
1631 | a << a > 7 ? 1 : 2; // warn |
1632 | } |
1633 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1634 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1635 | |
1636 | |
1637 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1638 | different.ObjectUnused</span><span class="lang"> |
1639 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1640 | The object was created but is not being used.</div></div></td> |
1641 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1642 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1643 | struct S { |
1644 | int x, y; |
1645 | S(int xx, int yy) : x(xx), y(yy) {} |
1646 | S(int xx) { |
1647 | S(xx, 0); // warn |
1648 | } |
1649 | }; |
1650 | </pre></div> |
1651 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1652 | #include <exception> |
1653 | |
1654 | void test() { |
1655 | std::exception(); |
1656 | // warn (did you mean 'throw std::exception()'?) |
1657 | } |
1658 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1659 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1660 | |
1661 | |
1662 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1663 | different.StaticArrayPtrCompare</span><span class="lang"> |
1664 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
1665 | Pointer to static array is being compared to NULL. May the subscripting is |
1666 | missing.</div></div></td> |
1667 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1668 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1669 | void test() { |
1670 | int a[1][1]; |
1671 | if (a[0] == 0) {}; // warn |
1672 | } |
1673 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1674 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1675 | |
1676 | |
1677 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1678 | different.ConversionToBool</span><span class="lang"> |
1679 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1680 | Odd implicit conversion to boolean. |
1681 | <br>Note: possibly merge with <span class="name"> |
1682 | alpha.core.BoolAssignment</span>.</div></div></td> |
1683 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1684 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1685 | bool test() { |
1686 | return 1.; // warn |
1687 | } |
1688 | </pre></div> |
1689 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1690 | bool test() { |
1691 | return ""; // warn |
1692 | } |
1693 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1694 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1695 | |
1696 | |
1697 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1698 | different.ArrayBound</span><span class="lang"> |
1699 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1700 | Out-of-bound dynamic array access. |
1701 | <br>Note: possibly an enhancement to <span class="name"> |
1702 | alpha.security.ArrayBoundV2</span>.</div></div></td> |
1703 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1704 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1705 | void test() { |
1706 | int *p = new int[1]; |
1707 | int i = 1; |
1708 | if(p[i]) {}; // warn |
1709 | delete[] p; |
1710 | } |
1711 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1712 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1713 | |
1714 | |
1715 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1716 | different.StrcpyInputSize</span><span class="lang"> |
1717 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
1718 | Buffer copy without checking the size of input. |
1719 | <br>Note: possibly an enhancement to <span class="name"> |
1720 | alpha.unix.cstring.OutOfBounds</span>.</div></div></td> |
1721 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1722 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1723 | void test(char* string) { |
1724 | char buf[24]; |
1725 | strcpy(buf, string); // warn |
1726 | } |
1727 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1728 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1729 | |
1730 | |
1731 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1732 | different.IntegerOverflow</span><span class="lang"> |
1733 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
1734 | Integer overflow. |
1735 | <br>Note: partially handled by Clang core |
1736 | (search for 'overflow in expression' warning in Clang tests). |
1737 | <p>Source: <a href="http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/190.html"> |
1738 | CWE-190</a>.</p></div></div></td> |
1739 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1740 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1741 | #include <limits.h> |
1742 | |
1743 | int f(int x); |
1744 | |
1745 | void test() { |
1746 | f(INT_MAX + 1); // warn |
1747 | } |
1748 | </pre></div> |
1749 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1750 | #include <limits.h> |
1751 | |
1752 | int test() { |
1753 | int x = INT_MAX / 2 + 1; |
1754 | return x * 2; // warn |
1755 | } |
1756 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1757 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1758 | |
1759 | |
1760 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1761 | different.SignExtension</span><span class="lang"> |
1762 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
1763 | Unexpected sign extension might take place. |
1764 | <p>Source: <a href="http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/194.html"> |
1765 | CWE-194</a>.</p></div></div></td> |
1766 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1767 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1768 | unsigned long long test(long long sll) { |
1769 | unsigned long long ull = sll; // warn |
1770 | return ull; |
1771 | } |
1772 | </pre></div> |
1773 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1774 | void f(unsigned int i); |
1775 | |
1776 | void test(int si) { |
1777 | f(si); // warn |
1778 | } |
1779 | </pre></div> |
1780 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1781 | unsigned int test(int i) { |
1782 | return i; |
1783 | } |
1784 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1785 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1786 | |
1787 | |
1788 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1789 | different.NumericTruncation</span><span class="lang"> |
1790 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
1791 | Numeric truncation might take place. |
1792 | <p>Source: <a href="http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/197.html"> |
1793 | CWE-197</a>.</p></div></div></td> |
1794 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1795 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1796 | unsigned long test(unsigned long long ull) { |
1797 | unsigned long ul = ull; // warn |
1798 | return ul; |
1799 | } |
1800 | </pre></div> |
1801 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1802 | void f(int i); |
1803 | |
1804 | void test(long long sll) { |
1805 | f(sll); // warn |
1806 | } |
1807 | </pre></div> |
1808 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1809 | int f(); |
1810 | |
1811 | short test(long long sll) { |
1812 | short ss = f(); |
1813 | return ss; |
1814 | } |
1815 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1816 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1817 | |
1818 | |
1819 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1820 | different.MissingCopyCtorAssignOp</span><span class="lang"> |
1821 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1822 | A class has dynamically allocated data members but do not define a copy |
1823 | constructor/assignment operator. |
1824 | <p>Source: Scott Meyers "Effective C++", item 11: Prevent exceptions from |
1825 | leaving destructors.</p></div></div></td> |
1826 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1827 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1828 | class C { |
1829 | int *p; // warn |
1830 | public: |
1831 | C() { p = new int; } |
1832 | ~C() { delete p; } |
1833 | }; |
1834 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1835 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1836 | |
1837 | </table> |
1838 | |
1839 | <!-- ============================ WinAPI =================================== --> |
1840 | <h3>WinAPI</h3> |
1841 | <table class="checkers"> |
1842 | <col class="namedescr"><col class="example"><col class="progress"> |
1843 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td><td>Progress</td></tr></thead> |
1844 | |
1845 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1846 | WinAPI.CreateProcess</span><span class="lang"> |
1847 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
1848 | <code>CreateProcess()</code>: if the first parameter <code><i> |
1849 | lpApplicationName</i></code> is NULL then the executable name must be in the |
1850 | white space-delimited string pointed to by <code><i>lpCommandLine</code></i>. |
1851 | If the executable or path name has a space in it, there is a risk that a |
1852 | different executable could be run because of the way the function parses |
1853 | spaces. |
1854 | <p>Source: <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms682425%28v=vs.85%29.aspx"> |
1855 | MSDN: CreateProcess function, Security Remarks</a>.</p></div></div></td> |
1856 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1857 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1858 | #include <windows.h> |
1859 | |
1860 | void test() { |
1861 | STARTUPINFO si; |
1862 | PROCESS_INFORMATION pi; |
1863 | CreateProcess(NULL, TEXT("C:\\Program Files\\App -L -S"), |
1864 | NULL, NULL, TRUE, 0, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi); |
1865 | // warn |
1866 | } |
1867 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1868 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1869 | |
1870 | |
1871 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1872 | WinAPI.LoadLibrary</span><span class="lang"> |
1873 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
1874 | The <code>SearchPath()</code> function is used to retrieve a path to a DLL for |
1875 | a subsequent <code>LoadLibrary()</code> call. |
1876 | <p>Source: <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms684175%28v=vs.85%29.aspx"> |
1877 | MSDN: LoadLibrary function, Security Remarks</a>.</p></div></div></td> |
1878 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1879 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1880 | #include <windows.h> |
1881 | |
1882 | HINSTANCE test() { |
1883 | char filePath[100]; |
1884 | SearchPath(NULL, "file.dll", NULL, 100, filePath, NULL); |
1885 | return LoadLibrary(filePath); // warn |
1886 | } |
1887 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1888 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1889 | |
1890 | |
1891 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1892 | WinAPI.WideCharToMultiByte</span><span class="lang"> |
1893 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
1894 | Buffer overrun while calling <code>WideCharToMultiByte()</code>. The size of |
1895 | the input buffer equals the number of characters in the Unicode string, while |
1896 | the size of the output buffer equals the number of bytes. |
1897 | <p>Source: <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd374130%28v=vs.85%29.aspx"> |
1898 | MSDN: WideCharToMultiByte function</a>.</p></div></div></td> |
1899 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1900 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1901 | #include <windows.h> |
1902 | |
1903 | void test() { |
1904 | wchar_t ws[] = L"abc"; |
1905 | char s[3]; |
1906 | WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, ws, -1, s, |
1907 | 3, NULL, NULL); // warn |
1908 | } |
1909 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1910 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1911 | |
1912 | |
1913 | </table> |
1914 | |
1915 | <!-- =========================== optimization ============================== --> |
1916 | <h3>optimization</h3> |
1917 | <table class="checkers"> |
1918 | <col class="namedescr"><col class="example"><col class="progress"> |
1919 | <thead><tr><td>Name, Description</td><td>Example</td><td>Progress</td></tr></thead> |
1920 | |
1921 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1922 | optimization.PassConstObjByValue</span><span class="lang"> |
1923 | (C, C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1924 | Optimization: It is more effective to pass constant parameter by reference to |
1925 | avoid unnecessary object copying.</div></div></td> |
1926 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1927 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1928 | struct A {}; |
1929 | |
1930 | void f(const struct A a); // warn |
1931 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1932 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1933 | |
1934 | |
1935 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1936 | optimization.PostfixIncIter</span><span class="lang"> |
1937 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1938 | Optimization: It is more effective to use prefix increment operator with |
1939 | iterator. |
1940 | <p>Source: Scott Meyers "More Effective C++", item 6: |
1941 | Distinguish between prefix and postfix forms of increment and decrement |
1942 | operators.</p></div></div></td> |
1943 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1944 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1945 | #include <vector> |
1946 | |
1947 | void test() { |
1948 | std::vector<int> v; |
1949 | std::vector<int>::const_iterator it; |
1950 | for(it = v.begin(); |
1951 | it != v.end(); it++) {}; // warn |
1952 | } |
1953 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1954 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1955 | |
1956 | |
1957 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1958 | optimization.MultipleCallsStrlen</span><span class="lang"> |
1959 | (C)</span><div class="descr"> |
1960 | Optimization: multiple calls to <code>strlen()</code> for a string in an |
1961 | expression. It is more effective to hold a value returned |
1962 | from <code>strlen()</code> in a temporary variable.</div></div></td> |
1963 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1964 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1965 | #include <string.h> |
1966 | |
1967 | void test(const char* s) { |
1968 | if (strlen(s) > 0 && |
1969 | strlen(s) < 7) {}; // warn |
1970 | } |
1971 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1972 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1973 | |
1974 | |
1975 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1976 | optimization.StrLengthCalculation</span><span class="lang"> |
1977 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1978 | Optimization: it is more efficient to use <code>string::length()</code> to |
1979 | calculate the length of an <code>std::string</code>.</div></div></td> |
1980 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1981 | <div class="example"><pre> |
1982 | #include <string> |
1983 | #include <string.h> |
1984 | |
1985 | void test() { |
1986 | std::string s; |
1987 | if (strlen(s.c_str()) != 0) {}; // warn |
1988 | } |
1989 | </pre></div></div></td> |
1990 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
1991 | |
1992 | |
1993 | <tr><td><div class="namedescr expandable"><span class="name"> |
1994 | optimization.EmptyContainerDetect</span><span class="lang"> |
1995 | (C++)</span><div class="descr"> |
1996 | Optimization: It is more efficient to use containers <code>empty()</code> |
1997 | method to identify an empty container.</div></div></td> |
1998 | <td><div class="exampleContainer expandable"> |
1999 | <div class="example"><pre> |
2000 | #include <list> |
2001 | |
2002 | void test() { |
2003 | std::list<int> l; |
2004 | if (l.size() != 0) {}; // warn |
2005 | } |
2006 | </pre></div></div></td> |
2007 | <td class="aligned"></td></tr> |
2008 | |
2009 | |
2010 | </table> |
2011 | |
2012 | <br> |
2013 | </div> <!-- page --> |
2014 | </div> <!-- content --> |
2015 | </body> |
2016 | </html> |
2017 | |