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15 | |
16 | <h1>Getting Started: Building and Running Clang</h1> |
17 | |
18 | <p>This page gives you the shortest path to checking out Clang and demos a few |
19 | options. This should get you up and running with the minimum of muss and fuss. |
20 | If you like what you see, please consider <a href="get_involved.html">getting |
21 | involved</a> with the Clang community. If you run into problems, please file |
22 | bugs in <a href="https://bugs.llvm.org/">LLVM Bugzilla</a>.</p> |
23 | |
24 | <h2 id="download">Release Clang Versions</h2> |
25 | |
26 | <p>Clang is released as part of regular LLVM releases. You can download the release versions from <a href="https://llvm.org/releases/">https://llvm.org/releases/</a>.</p> |
27 | <p>Clang is also provided in all major BSD or GNU/Linux distributions as part of their respective packaging systems. From Xcode 4.2, Clang is the default compiler for Mac OS X.</p> |
28 | |
29 | <h2 id="build">Building Clang and Working with the Code</h2> |
30 | |
31 | <h3 id="buildNix">On Unix-like Systems</h3> |
32 | |
33 | <p>If you would like to check out and build Clang, the current procedure is as |
34 | follows:</p> |
35 | |
36 | <ol> |
37 | <li>Get the required tools. |
38 | <ul> |
39 | <li>See |
40 | <a href="https://llvm.org/docs/GettingStarted.html#requirements"> |
41 | Getting Started with the LLVM System - Requirements</a>.</li> |
42 | <li>Note also that Python is needed for running the test suite. |
43 | Get it at: <a href="http://www.python.org/download"> |
44 | http://www.python.org/download</a></li> |
45 | <li>Standard build process uses CMake. Get it at: |
46 | <a href="http://www.cmake.org/download"> |
47 | http://www.cmake.org/download</a></li> |
48 | </ul> |
49 | |
50 | <li>Check out the LLVM project: |
51 | <ul> |
52 | <li>Change directory to where you want the llvm directory placed.</li> |
53 | <li><tt>git clone https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project.git</tt></li> |
54 | </ul> |
55 | </li> |
56 | <li>Build LLVM and Clang: |
57 | <ul> |
58 | <li><tt>cd llvm-project</tt></li> |
59 | <li><tt>mkdir build</tt> (in-tree build is not supported)</li> |
60 | <li><tt>cd build</tt></li> |
61 | <li><tt>cmake -DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS=clang -G "Unix Makefiles" ../llvm</tt></li> |
62 | <li><tt>make</tt></li> |
63 | <li>This builds both LLVM and Clang for debug mode.</li> |
64 | <li>Note: For subsequent Clang development, you can just run |
65 | <tt>make clang</tt>.</li> |
66 | <li>CMake allows you to generate project files for several IDEs: Xcode, |
67 | Eclipse CDT4, CodeBlocks, Qt-Creator (use the CodeBlocks generator), |
68 | KDevelop3. For more details see |
69 | <a href="https://llvm.org/docs/CMake.html">Building LLVM with CMake</a> |
70 | page.</li> |
71 | </ul> |
72 | </li> |
73 | |
74 | <li>If you intend to use Clang's C++ support, you may need to tell it how |
75 | to find your C++ standard library headers. In general, Clang will detect |
76 | the best version of libstdc++ headers available and use them - it will |
77 | look both for system installations of libstdc++ as well as installations |
78 | adjacent to Clang itself. If your configuration fits neither of these |
79 | scenarios, you can use the <tt>-DGCC_INSTALL_PREFIX</tt> cmake option |
80 | to tell Clang where the gcc containing the desired libstdc++ is installed. |
81 | </li> |
82 | <li>Try it out (assuming you add llvm/build/bin to your path): |
83 | <ul> |
84 | <li><tt>clang --help</tt></li> |
85 | <li><tt>clang file.c -fsyntax-only</tt> (check for correctness)</li> |
86 | <li><tt>clang file.c -S -emit-llvm -o -</tt> (print out unoptimized llvm code)</li> |
87 | <li><tt>clang file.c -S -emit-llvm -o - -O3</tt></li> |
88 | <li><tt>clang file.c -S -O3 -o -</tt> (output native machine code)</li> |
89 | </ul> |
90 | </li> |
91 | <li>Run the testsuite: |
92 | <ul> |
93 | <li><tt>make check-clang</tt></li> |
94 | </ul> |
95 | </li> |
96 | </ol> |
97 | |
98 | <h3 id="buildWindows">Using Visual Studio</h3> |
99 | |
100 | <p>The following details setting up for and building Clang on Windows using |
101 | Visual Studio:</p> |
102 | |
103 | <ol> |
104 | <li>Get the required tools: |
105 | <ul> |
106 | <li><b>Git</b>. Source code control program. Get it from: |
107 | <a href="https://git-scm.com/download"> |
108 | https://git-scm.com/download</a></li> |
109 | <li><b>CMake</b>. This is used for generating Visual Studio solution and |
110 | project files. Get it from: |
111 | <a href="https://cmake.org/download/"> |
112 | https://cmake.org/download/</a></li> |
113 | <li><b>Visual Studio 2015 or later</b></li> |
114 | <li><b>Python</b>. It is used to run the clang test suite. Get it from: |
115 | <a href="https://www.python.org/download/"> |
116 | https://www.python.org/download/</a></li> |
117 | <li><b>GnuWin32 tools</b> |
118 | The Clang and LLVM test suite use various GNU core utilities, such as |
119 | <tt>grep</tt>, <tt>sed</tt>, and <tt>find</tt>. The gnuwin32 packages |
120 | are the oldest and most well-tested way to get these tools. However, the |
121 | MSys utilities provided by git for Windows have been known to work. |
122 | Cygwin has worked in the past, but is not well tested. |
123 | If you don't already have the core utilies from some other source, get |
124 | gnuwin32 from <a href="http://getgnuwin32.sourceforge.net/"> |
125 | http://getgnuwin32.sourceforge.net/</a>.</li> |
126 | </ul> |
127 | </li> |
128 | |
129 | <li>Check out LLVM and Clang: |
130 | <ul> |
131 | <li><tt>git clone https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project.git</tt></li> |
132 | </ul> |
133 | <p><em>Note</em>: Some Clang tests are sensitive to the line endings. Ensure |
134 | that checking out the files does not convert LF line endings to CR+LF. If |
135 | you're using git on Windows, make sure your <tt>core.autocrlf</tt> setting |
136 | is false.</p> |
137 | </li> |
138 | <li>Run CMake to generate the Visual Studio solution and project files: |
139 | <ul> |
140 | <li><tt>cd ..\..</tt> (back to where you started)</li> |
141 | <li><tt>mkdir build</tt> (for building without polluting the source dir)</li> |
142 | <li><tt>cd build</tt></li> |
143 | <li> |
144 | If you are using Visual Studio 2017: |
145 | <tt>cmake -DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS=clang -G "Visual Studio 15 2017" -A x64 -Thost=x64 ..\llvm</tt><br/> |
146 | <tt>-Thost=x64</tt> is required, since the 32-bit linker will run out of memory. |
147 | </li> |
148 | <li>To generate x86 binaries instead of x64, pass <tt>-A Win32</tt>.</li> |
149 | <li>See the <a href="https://www.llvm.org/docs/CMake.html">LLVM CMake guide</a> for |
150 | more information on other configuration options for CMake.</li> |
151 | <li>The above, if successful, will have created an LLVM.sln file in the |
152 | <tt>build</tt> directory. |
153 | </ul> |
154 | </li> |
155 | <li>Build Clang: |
156 | <ul> |
157 | <li>Open LLVM.sln in Visual Studio.</li> |
158 | <li>Build the "clang" project for just the compiler driver and front end, or |
159 | the "ALL_BUILD" project to build everything, including tools.</li> |
160 | </ul> |
161 | </li> |
162 | <li>Try it out (assuming you added llvm/debug/bin to your path). (See the |
163 | running examples from above.)</li> |
164 | <li>See <a href="hacking.html#testingWindows"> |
165 | Hacking on clang - Testing using Visual Studio on Windows</a> for information |
166 | on running regression tests on Windows.</li> |
167 | </ol> |
168 | |
169 | <h3 id="buildWindowsNinja">Using Ninja alongside Visual Studio</h3> |
170 | |
171 | <p>We recommend that developers who want the fastest incremental builds use the |
172 | <a href="https://ninja-build.org/">Ninja build system</a>. You can use the |
173 | generated Visual Studio project files to edit Clang source code and generate a |
174 | second build directory next to it for running the tests with these steps:</p> |
175 | |
176 | <ol> |
177 | <li>Check out clang and LLVM as described above</li> |
178 | <li>Open a developer command prompt with the appropriate environment. |
179 | <ul> |
180 | <li>If you open the start menu and search for "Command Prompt", you should |
181 | see shortcuts created by Visual Studio to do this. To use native x64 |
182 | tools, choose the one titled "x64 Native Tools Command Prompt for VS |
183 | 2017".</li> |
184 | <li> Alternatively, launch a regular <tt>cmd</tt> prompt and run the |
185 | appropriate vcvarsall.bat incantation. To get the 2017 x64 tools, this |
186 | would be:<br/> |
187 | <tt>"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual |
188 | Studio\2017\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64</tt> |
189 | </li> |
190 | </ul> |
191 | </li> |
192 | <li><tt>mkdir build_ninja</tt> (or <tt>build</tt>, or use your own |
193 | organization)</li> |
194 | <li><tt>cd build_ninja</tt></li> |
195 | <li><tt>set CC=cl</tt> (necessary to force CMake to choose MSVC over mingw GCC |
196 | if you have it installed)</li> |
197 | <li><tt>set CXX=cl</tt></li> |
198 | <li><tt>cmake -GNinja ..\llvm</tt></li> |
199 | <li><tt>ninja clang</tt> This will build just clang.</li> |
200 | <li><tt>ninja check-clang</tt> This will run the clang tests.</li> |
201 | </ol> |
202 | |
203 | <h2 id="driver">Clang Compiler Driver (Drop-in Substitute for GCC)</h2> |
204 | |
205 | <p>The <tt>clang</tt> tool is the compiler driver and front-end, which is |
206 | designed to be a drop-in replacement for the <tt>gcc</tt> command. Here are |
207 | some examples of how to use the high-level driver: |
208 | </p> |
209 | |
210 | <pre class="code"> |
211 | $ <b>cat t.c</b> |
212 | #include <stdio.h> |
213 | int main(int argc, char **argv) { printf("hello world\n"); } |
214 | $ <b>clang t.c</b> |
215 | $ <b>./a.out</b> |
216 | hello world |
217 | </pre> |
218 | |
219 | <p>The 'clang' driver is designed to work as closely to GCC as possible to |
220 | maximize portability. The only major difference between the two is that |
221 | Clang defaults to gnu99 mode while GCC defaults to gnu89 mode. If you see |
222 | weird link-time errors relating to inline functions, try passing -std=gnu89 |
223 | to clang.</p> |
224 | |
225 | <h2>Examples of using Clang</h2> |
226 | |
227 | <!-- Thanks to |
228 | http://shiflett.org/blog/2006/oct/formatting-and-highlighting-php-code-listings |
229 | Site suggested using pre in CSS, but doesn't work in IE, so went for the <pre> |
230 | tag. --> |
231 | |
232 | <pre class="code"> |
233 | $ <b>cat ~/t.c</b> |
234 | typedef float V __attribute__((vector_size(16))); |
235 | V foo(V a, V b) { return a+b*a; } |
236 | </pre> |
237 | |
238 | |
239 | <h3>Preprocessing:</h3> |
240 | |
241 | <pre class="code"> |
242 | $ <b>clang ~/t.c -E</b> |
243 | # 1 "/Users/sabre/t.c" 1 |
244 | |
245 | typedef float V __attribute__((vector_size(16))); |
246 | |
247 | V foo(V a, V b) { return a+b*a; } |
248 | </pre> |
249 | |
250 | |
251 | <h3>Type checking:</h3> |
252 | |
253 | <pre class="code"> |
254 | $ <b>clang -fsyntax-only ~/t.c</b> |
255 | </pre> |
256 | |
257 | |
258 | <h3>GCC options:</h3> |
259 | |
260 | <pre class="code"> |
261 | $ <b>clang -fsyntax-only ~/t.c -pedantic</b> |
262 | /Users/sabre/t.c:2:17: <span style="color:magenta">warning:</span> extension used |
263 | <span style="color:darkgreen">typedef float V __attribute__((vector_size(16)));</span> |
264 | <span style="color:blue"> ^</span> |
265 | 1 diagnostic generated. |
266 | </pre> |
267 | |
268 | |
269 | <h3>Pretty printing from the AST:</h3> |
270 | |
271 | <p>Note, the <tt>-cc1</tt> argument indicates the compiler front-end, and |
272 | not the driver, should be run. The compiler front-end has several additional |
273 | Clang specific features which are not exposed through the GCC compatible driver |
274 | interface.</p> |
275 | |
276 | <pre class="code"> |
277 | $ <b>clang -cc1 ~/t.c -ast-print</b> |
278 | typedef float V __attribute__(( vector_size(16) )); |
279 | V foo(V a, V b) { |
280 | return a + b * a; |
281 | } |
282 | </pre> |
283 | |
284 | |
285 | <h3>Code generation with LLVM:</h3> |
286 | |
287 | <pre class="code"> |
288 | $ <b>clang ~/t.c -S -emit-llvm -o -</b> |
289 | define <4 x float> @foo(<4 x float> %a, <4 x float> %b) { |
290 | entry: |
291 | %mul = mul <4 x float> %b, %a |
292 | %add = add <4 x float> %mul, %a |
293 | ret <4 x float> %add |
294 | } |
295 | $ <b>clang -fomit-frame-pointer -O3 -S -o - t.c</b> <i># On x86_64</i> |
296 | ... |
297 | _foo: |
298 | Leh_func_begin1: |
299 | mulps %xmm0, %xmm1 |
300 | addps %xmm1, %xmm0 |
301 | ret |
302 | Leh_func_end1: |
303 | </pre> |
304 | |
305 | </div> |
306 | </body> |
307 | </html> |
308 | |