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| 6 | <title>Clang - Getting Started</title> |
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| 13 | |
| 14 | <div id="content"> |
| 15 | |
| 16 | <h1>Getting Started: Building and Running Clang</h1> |
| 17 | |
| 18 | <p>This page gives you the shortest path to checking out Clang and demos a few |
| 19 | options. This should get you up and running with the minimum of muss and fuss. |
| 20 | If you like what you see, please consider <a href="get_involved.html">getting |
| 21 | involved</a> with the Clang community. If you run into problems, please file |
| 22 | bugs in <a href="https://bugs.llvm.org/">LLVM Bugzilla</a>.</p> |
| 23 | |
| 24 | <h2 id="download">Release Clang Versions</h2> |
| 25 | |
| 26 | <p>Clang is released as part of regular LLVM releases. You can download the release versions from <a href="https://llvm.org/releases/">https://llvm.org/releases/</a>.</p> |
| 27 | <p>Clang is also provided in all major BSD or GNU/Linux distributions as part of their respective packaging systems. From Xcode 4.2, Clang is the default compiler for Mac OS X.</p> |
| 28 | |
| 29 | <h2 id="build">Building Clang and Working with the Code</h2> |
| 30 | |
| 31 | <h3 id="buildNix">On Unix-like Systems</h3> |
| 32 | |
| 33 | <p>If you would like to check out and build Clang, the current procedure is as |
| 34 | follows:</p> |
| 35 | |
| 36 | <ol> |
| 37 | <li>Get the required tools. |
| 38 | <ul> |
| 39 | <li>See |
| 40 | <a href="https://llvm.org/docs/GettingStarted.html#requirements"> |
| 41 | Getting Started with the LLVM System - Requirements</a>.</li> |
| 42 | <li>Note also that Python is needed for running the test suite. |
| 43 | Get it at: <a href="http://www.python.org/download"> |
| 44 | http://www.python.org/download</a></li> |
| 45 | <li>Standard build process uses CMake. Get it at: |
| 46 | <a href="http://www.cmake.org/download"> |
| 47 | http://www.cmake.org/download</a></li> |
| 48 | </ul> |
| 49 | |
| 50 | <li>Check out the LLVM project: |
| 51 | <ul> |
| 52 | <li>Change directory to where you want the llvm directory placed.</li> |
| 53 | <li><tt>git clone https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project.git</tt></li> |
| 54 | </ul> |
| 55 | </li> |
| 56 | <li>Build LLVM and Clang: |
| 57 | <ul> |
| 58 | <li><tt>cd llvm-project</tt></li> |
| 59 | <li><tt>mkdir build</tt> (in-tree build is not supported)</li> |
| 60 | <li><tt>cd build</tt></li> |
| 61 | <li><tt>cmake -DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS=clang -G "Unix Makefiles" ../llvm</tt></li> |
| 62 | <li><tt>make</tt></li> |
| 63 | <li>This builds both LLVM and Clang for debug mode.</li> |
| 64 | <li>Note: For subsequent Clang development, you can just run |
| 65 | <tt>make clang</tt>.</li> |
| 66 | <li>CMake allows you to generate project files for several IDEs: Xcode, |
| 67 | Eclipse CDT4, CodeBlocks, Qt-Creator (use the CodeBlocks generator), |
| 68 | KDevelop3. For more details see |
| 69 | <a href="https://llvm.org/docs/CMake.html">Building LLVM with CMake</a> |
| 70 | page.</li> |
| 71 | </ul> |
| 72 | </li> |
| 73 | |
| 74 | <li>If you intend to use Clang's C++ support, you may need to tell it how |
| 75 | to find your C++ standard library headers. In general, Clang will detect |
| 76 | the best version of libstdc++ headers available and use them - it will |
| 77 | look both for system installations of libstdc++ as well as installations |
| 78 | adjacent to Clang itself. If your configuration fits neither of these |
| 79 | scenarios, you can use the <tt>-DGCC_INSTALL_PREFIX</tt> cmake option |
| 80 | to tell Clang where the gcc containing the desired libstdc++ is installed. |
| 81 | </li> |
| 82 | <li>Try it out (assuming you add llvm/build/bin to your path): |
| 83 | <ul> |
| 84 | <li><tt>clang --help</tt></li> |
| 85 | <li><tt>clang file.c -fsyntax-only</tt> (check for correctness)</li> |
| 86 | <li><tt>clang file.c -S -emit-llvm -o -</tt> (print out unoptimized llvm code)</li> |
| 87 | <li><tt>clang file.c -S -emit-llvm -o - -O3</tt></li> |
| 88 | <li><tt>clang file.c -S -O3 -o -</tt> (output native machine code)</li> |
| 89 | </ul> |
| 90 | </li> |
| 91 | <li>Run the testsuite: |
| 92 | <ul> |
| 93 | <li><tt>make check-clang</tt></li> |
| 94 | </ul> |
| 95 | </li> |
| 96 | </ol> |
| 97 | |
| 98 | <h3 id="buildWindows">Using Visual Studio</h3> |
| 99 | |
| 100 | <p>The following details setting up for and building Clang on Windows using |
| 101 | Visual Studio:</p> |
| 102 | |
| 103 | <ol> |
| 104 | <li>Get the required tools: |
| 105 | <ul> |
| 106 | <li><b>Git</b>. Source code control program. Get it from: |
| 107 | <a href="https://git-scm.com/download"> |
| 108 | https://git-scm.com/download</a></li> |
| 109 | <li><b>CMake</b>. This is used for generating Visual Studio solution and |
| 110 | project files. Get it from: |
| 111 | <a href="https://cmake.org/download/"> |
| 112 | https://cmake.org/download/</a></li> |
| 113 | <li><b>Visual Studio 2015 or later</b></li> |
| 114 | <li><b>Python</b>. It is used to run the clang test suite. Get it from: |
| 115 | <a href="https://www.python.org/download/"> |
| 116 | https://www.python.org/download/</a></li> |
| 117 | <li><b>GnuWin32 tools</b> |
| 118 | The Clang and LLVM test suite use various GNU core utilities, such as |
| 119 | <tt>grep</tt>, <tt>sed</tt>, and <tt>find</tt>. The gnuwin32 packages |
| 120 | are the oldest and most well-tested way to get these tools. However, the |
| 121 | MSys utilities provided by git for Windows have been known to work. |
| 122 | Cygwin has worked in the past, but is not well tested. |
| 123 | If you don't already have the core utilies from some other source, get |
| 124 | gnuwin32 from <a href="http://getgnuwin32.sourceforge.net/"> |
| 125 | http://getgnuwin32.sourceforge.net/</a>.</li> |
| 126 | </ul> |
| 127 | </li> |
| 128 | |
| 129 | <li>Check out LLVM and Clang: |
| 130 | <ul> |
| 131 | <li><tt>git clone https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project.git</tt></li> |
| 132 | </ul> |
| 133 | <p><em>Note</em>: Some Clang tests are sensitive to the line endings. Ensure |
| 134 | that checking out the files does not convert LF line endings to CR+LF. If |
| 135 | you're using git on Windows, make sure your <tt>core.autocrlf</tt> setting |
| 136 | is false.</p> |
| 137 | </li> |
| 138 | <li>Run CMake to generate the Visual Studio solution and project files: |
| 139 | <ul> |
| 140 | <li><tt>cd ..\..</tt> (back to where you started)</li> |
| 141 | <li><tt>mkdir build</tt> (for building without polluting the source dir)</li> |
| 142 | <li><tt>cd build</tt></li> |
| 143 | <li> |
| 144 | If you are using Visual Studio 2017: |
| 145 | <tt>cmake -DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS=clang -G "Visual Studio 15 2017" -A x64 -Thost=x64 ..\llvm</tt><br/> |
| 146 | <tt>-Thost=x64</tt> is required, since the 32-bit linker will run out of memory. |
| 147 | </li> |
| 148 | <li>To generate x86 binaries instead of x64, pass <tt>-A Win32</tt>.</li> |
| 149 | <li>See the <a href="https://www.llvm.org/docs/CMake.html">LLVM CMake guide</a> for |
| 150 | more information on other configuration options for CMake.</li> |
| 151 | <li>The above, if successful, will have created an LLVM.sln file in the |
| 152 | <tt>build</tt> directory. |
| 153 | </ul> |
| 154 | </li> |
| 155 | <li>Build Clang: |
| 156 | <ul> |
| 157 | <li>Open LLVM.sln in Visual Studio.</li> |
| 158 | <li>Build the "clang" project for just the compiler driver and front end, or |
| 159 | the "ALL_BUILD" project to build everything, including tools.</li> |
| 160 | </ul> |
| 161 | </li> |
| 162 | <li>Try it out (assuming you added llvm/debug/bin to your path). (See the |
| 163 | running examples from above.)</li> |
| 164 | <li>See <a href="hacking.html#testingWindows"> |
| 165 | Hacking on clang - Testing using Visual Studio on Windows</a> for information |
| 166 | on running regression tests on Windows.</li> |
| 167 | </ol> |
| 168 | |
| 169 | <h3 id="buildWindowsNinja">Using Ninja alongside Visual Studio</h3> |
| 170 | |
| 171 | <p>We recommend that developers who want the fastest incremental builds use the |
| 172 | <a href="https://ninja-build.org/">Ninja build system</a>. You can use the |
| 173 | generated Visual Studio project files to edit Clang source code and generate a |
| 174 | second build directory next to it for running the tests with these steps:</p> |
| 175 | |
| 176 | <ol> |
| 177 | <li>Check out clang and LLVM as described above</li> |
| 178 | <li>Open a developer command prompt with the appropriate environment. |
| 179 | <ul> |
| 180 | <li>If you open the start menu and search for "Command Prompt", you should |
| 181 | see shortcuts created by Visual Studio to do this. To use native x64 |
| 182 | tools, choose the one titled "x64 Native Tools Command Prompt for VS |
| 183 | 2017".</li> |
| 184 | <li> Alternatively, launch a regular <tt>cmd</tt> prompt and run the |
| 185 | appropriate vcvarsall.bat incantation. To get the 2017 x64 tools, this |
| 186 | would be:<br/> |
| 187 | <tt>"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual |
| 188 | Studio\2017\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64</tt> |
| 189 | </li> |
| 190 | </ul> |
| 191 | </li> |
| 192 | <li><tt>mkdir build_ninja</tt> (or <tt>build</tt>, or use your own |
| 193 | organization)</li> |
| 194 | <li><tt>cd build_ninja</tt></li> |
| 195 | <li><tt>set CC=cl</tt> (necessary to force CMake to choose MSVC over mingw GCC |
| 196 | if you have it installed)</li> |
| 197 | <li><tt>set CXX=cl</tt></li> |
| 198 | <li><tt>cmake -GNinja ..\llvm</tt></li> |
| 199 | <li><tt>ninja clang</tt> This will build just clang.</li> |
| 200 | <li><tt>ninja check-clang</tt> This will run the clang tests.</li> |
| 201 | </ol> |
| 202 | |
| 203 | <h2 id="driver">Clang Compiler Driver (Drop-in Substitute for GCC)</h2> |
| 204 | |
| 205 | <p>The <tt>clang</tt> tool is the compiler driver and front-end, which is |
| 206 | designed to be a drop-in replacement for the <tt>gcc</tt> command. Here are |
| 207 | some examples of how to use the high-level driver: |
| 208 | </p> |
| 209 | |
| 210 | <pre class="code"> |
| 211 | $ <b>cat t.c</b> |
| 212 | #include <stdio.h> |
| 213 | int main(int argc, char **argv) { printf("hello world\n"); } |
| 214 | $ <b>clang t.c</b> |
| 215 | $ <b>./a.out</b> |
| 216 | hello world |
| 217 | </pre> |
| 218 | |
| 219 | <p>The 'clang' driver is designed to work as closely to GCC as possible to |
| 220 | maximize portability. The only major difference between the two is that |
| 221 | Clang defaults to gnu99 mode while GCC defaults to gnu89 mode. If you see |
| 222 | weird link-time errors relating to inline functions, try passing -std=gnu89 |
| 223 | to clang.</p> |
| 224 | |
| 225 | <h2>Examples of using Clang</h2> |
| 226 | |
| 227 | <!-- Thanks to |
| 228 | http://shiflett.org/blog/2006/oct/formatting-and-highlighting-php-code-listings |
| 229 | Site suggested using pre in CSS, but doesn't work in IE, so went for the <pre> |
| 230 | tag. --> |
| 231 | |
| 232 | <pre class="code"> |
| 233 | $ <b>cat ~/t.c</b> |
| 234 | typedef float V __attribute__((vector_size(16))); |
| 235 | V foo(V a, V b) { return a+b*a; } |
| 236 | </pre> |
| 237 | |
| 238 | |
| 239 | <h3>Preprocessing:</h3> |
| 240 | |
| 241 | <pre class="code"> |
| 242 | $ <b>clang ~/t.c -E</b> |
| 243 | # 1 "/Users/sabre/t.c" 1 |
| 244 | |
| 245 | typedef float V __attribute__((vector_size(16))); |
| 246 | |
| 247 | V foo(V a, V b) { return a+b*a; } |
| 248 | </pre> |
| 249 | |
| 250 | |
| 251 | <h3>Type checking:</h3> |
| 252 | |
| 253 | <pre class="code"> |
| 254 | $ <b>clang -fsyntax-only ~/t.c</b> |
| 255 | </pre> |
| 256 | |
| 257 | |
| 258 | <h3>GCC options:</h3> |
| 259 | |
| 260 | <pre class="code"> |
| 261 | $ <b>clang -fsyntax-only ~/t.c -pedantic</b> |
| 262 | /Users/sabre/t.c:2:17: <span style="color:magenta">warning:</span> extension used |
| 263 | <span style="color:darkgreen">typedef float V __attribute__((vector_size(16)));</span> |
| 264 | <span style="color:blue"> ^</span> |
| 265 | 1 diagnostic generated. |
| 266 | </pre> |
| 267 | |
| 268 | |
| 269 | <h3>Pretty printing from the AST:</h3> |
| 270 | |
| 271 | <p>Note, the <tt>-cc1</tt> argument indicates the compiler front-end, and |
| 272 | not the driver, should be run. The compiler front-end has several additional |
| 273 | Clang specific features which are not exposed through the GCC compatible driver |
| 274 | interface.</p> |
| 275 | |
| 276 | <pre class="code"> |
| 277 | $ <b>clang -cc1 ~/t.c -ast-print</b> |
| 278 | typedef float V __attribute__(( vector_size(16) )); |
| 279 | V foo(V a, V b) { |
| 280 | return a + b * a; |
| 281 | } |
| 282 | </pre> |
| 283 | |
| 284 | |
| 285 | <h3>Code generation with LLVM:</h3> |
| 286 | |
| 287 | <pre class="code"> |
| 288 | $ <b>clang ~/t.c -S -emit-llvm -o -</b> |
| 289 | define <4 x float> @foo(<4 x float> %a, <4 x float> %b) { |
| 290 | entry: |
| 291 | %mul = mul <4 x float> %b, %a |
| 292 | %add = add <4 x float> %mul, %a |
| 293 | ret <4 x float> %add |
| 294 | } |
| 295 | $ <b>clang -fomit-frame-pointer -O3 -S -o - t.c</b> <i># On x86_64</i> |
| 296 | ... |
| 297 | _foo: |
| 298 | Leh_func_begin1: |
| 299 | mulps %xmm0, %xmm1 |
| 300 | addps %xmm1, %xmm0 |
| 301 | ret |
| 302 | Leh_func_end1: |
| 303 | </pre> |
| 304 | |
| 305 | </div> |
| 306 | </body> |
| 307 | </html> |
| 308 | |